Coastal Landscapes

Question 1

how do waves form and what factors affect the formation?

Answer 1

waves form due to the transfer of energy from the wind
Factors:
. the distance the wind has blown
. the time the wind has been blowing
. the wind speed

Question 2

what are the 4 types of coastal erosion and what do they do?

Answer 2

Hydraulic action
.the waves force air into cracks in the cliff breaking it apart
Abrasion
. pebbles are flung at the cliff by waves wearing it away
Attrition
. pebbles collide with each other and become smaller and more rounded
Corrosion
. the water dissolves the rocks and minerals in the ciff

Question 3

what is slumping

Answer 3

when the bottom of the cliff is eroded and the top half is saturated with water and the cliff slides down

Question 4

what are rock falls

Answer 4

when fragments of rock break off of the cliff due to weathering and fall to the bottom of the cliff

Question 5

how are headlands formed

Answer 5

Headlands are formed by the erosion of an area of soft rock between two areas of hard rock as the area of a soft rock gets eroded quickly the hard rock is left poking out into the sea creating s headland.

Question 6

describe the process of Long Shore Drift (LSD)

Answer 6

1. waves push sediment up the beach in the direction of the prevailing wind at 45
2. the the sediment falls down again at right angles to the beach
3. the process repeats itself

Question 7

how is a spit formed

Answer 7

when the process of LSD stretches from the mainland out to the sea

Question 8

how is bar formed

Answer 8

when the process of LSD continues across a bay joining two headlands

Question 9

list 3 factors that influence cliff recession and why they influence it

Answer 9

Fetch: a larger open body of water will cause a bigger fetch which will cause bigger waves

Geology: harder rocks will be eroded more slowly
softer rocks will be eroded more quickly

Coastal: coastal defences help slow down the rate of erosion and protect the coastline

Question 10

list 4 causes of coastal flooding

Answer 10

.High tide levels
.Storm surges
.The action of the waves
.Seal level rise

Question 11

List 2 impacts of cliff recession and examples

Answer 11

Human: loss of property, loss of business, difficult to get insurance

Question 12

Suggest 3 ways of reducing the impact of coastal flooding and examples

Answer 12

Prediction: the environment agency monitors sea conditions to help predict potential flooding
Prevention: barriers to protect against high tides,
areas of open space are allowed to flood
Planning: Early warning systems, Flood eduction, escape routes.