coastal landforms

Question 1

bay

Answer 1

A low-lying inlet of land on the coast.

Question 2

headland

Answer 2

A high area of land that extends out into the sea.

Question 3

longshore drift

Answer 3

The movement of material along a coastline due to the angled approach of waves.

Question 4

mass movement

Answer 4

A large-scale downward movement of rocks and material.

Question 5

Able to withstand change, eg resistant rocks are hard and are not easily eroded.

Answer 5

resistant

Question 6

sheltered bay

Answer 6

A coastal area that is protected from strong winds and large waves.

Question 7

Processes located at the Earth’s surface.

Answer 7

sub aerial process

Question 8

An area of erosion at the base of a cliff formed by the waves.

Answer 8

wave-cut notch

Question 9

A flat area in front of a cliff, just below the low tide mark. These were formed when the waves eroded the cliff, but left a flat platform behind.

Answer 9

wave-cut platform

Question 10

The coastline is constantly eroding. There are four key types of erosion

Answer 10

Abrasion - waves transport material which hit the cliff and gradually wear it away.
Hydraulic action - as waves approach the coast they trap air and force it into gaps in the cliff. Eventually this weakens the rock.
Attrition - waves cause the rocks to crash against each other, breaking them down into smaller and rounder pieces.
Corrosion (also known as solution) - salts and acids in seawater dissolve the rock gradually over thousands of years.
In addition, changes in landforms can be a result of wind erosion, weathering and sub-aerial processes such as mass movement.