Coastal Formations and other

Question 1

How are Headlands and Bays formed

Answer 1

Alternating bands of rock, hard=granite, soft=clay. Soft rocks erodes faster due to hydraulic action and abrasion. Leaves a section of land jutting out called headland, area where soft rock has been eroded is the bay

Question 2

How are caves stacks and stumps formed

Answer 2

Waves crash into headlands and enlarge cracks (hydraulic action and abrasion)
Repeated erosion causes a cave to form
Continued erosion deepens cave until it breaks through which forms an arch (Durdle Door Dorset)
Erosion continues to wear away rock supporting arch and collapses which is a stack

Question 3

Wave-Cut platform formation

Answer 3

High and low tide marks cause erosion at foot of cliff
This forms a wave cut notch, which is enlarged as erosion continues
Rock above notch becomes unstable and eventually collapses.
The collapses material is washed away and a new wave cut notch forms. Repeated erosion causes cliff retreat
Wave cut platform left behind as cliff retreats

Question 4

Chemical weathering

Answer 4

Minerals in rock may react with rainwater

Question 5

Physical weathering

Answer 5

Caused by physical changes such as threeze-thaw

Question 6

Biological weathering

Answer 6

Animals and plants borrow into crack and make them bigger

Question 7

Four types of mass movement

Answer 7

Rockfall

Mudflow

Landslide

Soil creep

Question 8

4 processes of transportation

Answer 8

Saltation-Pebble-sized particles bounce along sea bed
Solution-Soluble material dissolved in water is carried along
Suspension-Small particles like silt are carried along by the force of water
Traction- Large boulders rolling along the river bed by force of water

Question 9

Process of erosion

Answer 9

Attrition-Rocks crashing into each other
Hydraulic action-Water forced into cracks forming cavitation
Abrasion-Rocks grinding against cliffs
Solution-Fine minerals dissolves in water