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geography revision > Coastal environment terms > Flashcards

Coastal environment terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is wave action?

A

The shaping of the coast by the action of waves.

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2
Q

What is erosion?

A

The wearing away of land by water, wind, and ice.

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3
Q

What is deposition?

A

Laying down material carried by waves.

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4
Q

What is transportation?

A

Movement of material within water.

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5
Q

What is longshore drift?

A

Zig-zag movement of beach material along the coast by waves.

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6
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

Breakdown of rock by physical factors (wind, water, temperature).

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7
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Breakdwon of rock through chemical changes, often by water.

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8
Q

What is biological weathering?

A

Breakdown of rock by plants and animals.

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9
Q

What is mass movement?

A

Downhill movement of material due to gravity.

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10
Q

What is sliding?

A

Saturated material moves down a slope.

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11
Q

What is sliding?

A

Whoel segment of cliff moves downslope along a shear plane.

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12
Q

What are headlands?

A

Resistant rock protruding/sticking out into the sea.

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13
Q

What are bays?

A

Found between headlands where softer rock erodes more quickly.

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14
Q

What are cliffs?

A

Steep rock faces formed by erosion of resistant rock.

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15
Q

What are wave-cut platforms?

A

Gently sloping rock exposed at low tide.

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16
Q

What are caves?

A

Formed by erosion of weak points in resistant rock.

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17
Q

What are arches?

A

Wave-eroded passages through headlands.

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18
Q

What are stacks?

A

Pillars of rock left after an arch collapses

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19
Q

What are stumps?

A

Formed when a sea stack collapses due to wave action.

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20
Q

What are sand dunes?

A

Hills of sand formed by wind, located behind beaches.

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21
Q

What are Salt marshes?

A

Coastal grasslands regularly flooded by seawater.

22
Q

Abiotic

A

Non-living components of an ecosystem.

23
Q

Biotic

A

Living components of an ecosystem.

24
Q

Industrialisation

A

Economic shift toward manufacturing and secondary acticities.

25
Q

Agricultural practices

A

Methods farmer use to cultivate land.

26
Q

Tourism

A

Industry of travelling for pleasure

27
Q

Deforestation

A

Large-sclae clearing of forests.

28
Q

What are spits

A

Narrow sand accumulation extending from land into the sea

29
Q

What are bars

A

Ridges of sand blocking a bay or lagoon

30
Q

What are beaches

A

Temporary sand deposits along the coast

31
Q

What are destructive waves?

A

Powerful waves causing erosion; strong BACKWASH.

32
Q

What are constructive waves?

A

Gentle waves depositing materials; strong SWASH

33
Q

What is swash?

A

Forward movement of water up a beach.

34
Q

What is backwash?

A

Water returning to the sea after a wave breaks.

35
Q

What is prevailing wind?

A

Common wind direction in a region.

36
Q

What is sediment cell?

A

System where sediment circulates along a coast.

37
Q

What is a fetch?

A

Maximum water distance wind can blow across.

38
Q

What is a berm?

A

Raised sand ridge at the back of a beach.

39
Q

What is a ria?

A

River valley flooded by rising sea levels.

40
Q

What is fjord?

A

Steep-sided valley flooded by sea due to glacier movement.

41
Q

What are raised beaches?

A

Beaches elevated due to tfalling sea levels.

42
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Variety of life in an ecosystem.

43
Q

What is salinity?

A

Amount of salt in a body of water.

44
Q

What is estuary

A

Tidal river mouths with exposed mudflats at low tide.

45
Q

What is brackish?

A

Slightly salty water, typical of estuaries.

46
Q

What is food chain?

A

Sequence of organisms dependent on each otehr for food.

47
Q

What are Coral reefs?

A

Underwater ecosystems made of coral colonies.

48
Q

What is intertidal zone?

A

Area between high and low tide marks.

49
Q

What is plant succession?

A

Gradual replacement of plant species over time.

50
Q

What is biomass?

A

Total mass of living organisms in an area.

51
Q

What is litter?

A

Dead plant material on the soil surface.

geography revision (5 decks)

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