Coastal Environment- Case Study Flashcards
What are the cliffs made from in Holderness?
Till or boulder clay which is easily eroded.
Why is the material of the holderness coast problematic?
Prone to slumping when it’s wet making it unstable.
Why are the prevailing winds a problem in Holderness?
Prevailing winds from the north east transport sediment away from the coast after it’s been eroded exposing the cliff face to more erosion.
What coastal landscapes have been formed at Holderness coast?
North= steep chalk cliffs, wave cut platforms and Sandy beaches where headland protects.
South= deposition also featured like spits.
Where are the headlands and wave cut platforms in Holderness?
North of Flamborough, a wave cut platform can be seen and a headland with features like stacks caves and arches.
Where can sand dunes be found in Holderness?
Around Flamborough head material transported by the wind is dumped forming Sand dunes.
Where can a spit be found in Holderness?
Erosion and LSD have created a spit with a recurved end in the north of spurn head.
How much has Holderness coast retreated in the last 2000 years?
4km
What are the social issues the erosion in Holderness causes?
Loss of settlements and livelihoods= farmers lose their livelihoods as their farmland is lost.
What is an economic effect of erosion in Holderness?
Loss of infrastructure= the gas terminal at Easington is only 25m from the edge
What is an environmental effect of the erosion at Holderness?
Loss of sites of specific scientific interest= Like the lagoons in Easington that provide habitats for birds.
How has hard engineering been used in Holderness?
1) 4.7km sea wall in Bridlington
2) timber groynes and riprap in Hornsea and Spurn Head
3) Landowners placing their own gabions.
What are wrong with the existing schemes in Holderness?
They aren’t sustainable!
1) Groynes are suitable at trapping sediment but increase erosion further down the beach. E.g: Mappleton now has increased erosion.
2) The hard engineering is too expensive to sustain
3) the sediment gained from Holderness is washed into Humber Estuary without it flooding has increased
What is the SMP for Holderness?
Hold the line in popular areas and do nothing in unpopular regions
How is erosion a problem in holderness?
Soft boulder clay is easily eroded by wave action. In some places it erodes up to 10 m/year
