Coastal defence Flashcards

1
Q

Soft engineering

A

Works with nature and makes use of natural products in order to protect the coastline (e.g. Managed retreat or beach nourishment)

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2
Q

Hard engineering

A

Works against nature and involves the construction of expensive man made defences (e.g. groynes and sea walls)

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3
Q

Planting vegetation

A

Soft engineering method which offers protection as the roots build up a beach by holding all the sand together. This beach then absorbs the power of the waves.

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4
Q

Beach nourishment

A

Placing sand onto an existing beach to increase its height and width. This beach can then absorb the power of the waves and reduce coastal erosion.

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5
Q

Gabions

A

Hard engineering approach where cages are filled with small rocks and toed together. These cages absorb the power of the breaking wave and so protect the coastline.

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6
Q

Manages retreat

A

Soft engineering approach. Areas of the coast are allowed to be flooded and eroded away. This occurs up to a managed point where some defence may be installed. This method is only used where land values are low.

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7
Q

The Holderness

A

Heavily protected coastline because of the rapid rate of erosion (2m+ per year) caused by the cliffs being weak and made of boulder clay.

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8
Q

Recurve sea wall

A

The wave’s energy is bounced back out to sea because of the curved shape. It also prevents flooding of the coastal area.

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9
Q

Groynes

A

These are placed at right angles to the beach and are designed to stop the movement of sediment because of LSD. This builds up the beach which is then a natural defence.

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10
Q

Cliff drains

A

Soft engineering approach which allows water to flow out of the cliff face and therefore keep it more stable.

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11
Q

Rock armour

A

Large chunks of rock placed at the bottom of the cliff to absorb the power of the waves and prevent or reduce erosion.

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