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British Hist > Coalition Government 1916-22 > Flashcards

Coalition Government 1916-22 Flashcards

1
Q

Why did the government give women above 30 the vote?

A

Thought to be less revolutionary than younger women, influenced by husband,

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2
Q

Why did the government give women the vote?

A

Public support after war effort. Could vote in New Zealand, Norway, Denmark and Australia. Canada gave women the vote in 1917

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3
Q

Why did it make no sense to cap the voting age at 30?

A

Women over 30 didnt contribute to war effort (field hospitals), Male conscripts of 19 got the vote

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4
Q

How did the war impact population?

A

705k deaths, 1.5m wounded, ‘pals’ battalions meant that whole villages male population got wiped out

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5
Q

What did the 1914 Defence of the realm act introduce?

A

Introduce ministry of munitions in 1915, took over arms factories, railways and mines nationalised, shipping could be requisitioned

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6
Q

What was rationed in 1918?

A

Sugar, butter, jam, tea and meat

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7
Q

What happened to pubs during the war?

A

Opening hours restricted, strength of beer reduced, buying rounds made illegal

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8
Q

When was summertime introduced?

A

May 1916

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9
Q

When was conscription introduced and who opposed it?

A

May 1916, liberals opposed it

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10
Q

Where was there censorship?

A

In the press, private correspondence and telegrams

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11
Q

What was introduced in danger of air raids?

A

Blackouts

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12
Q

How many children stopped going to school to do war work from 1914-7?

A

600k

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13
Q

How did WW1 impact farming?

A

A shortage of manpower on farms

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14
Q

How did the war impact wages?

A

Working class people not fighting could afford more food than before, wages rising faster than prices due to the shortage of labour

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15
Q

What were housing conditions like?

A

Bad, caused lung disease, there was inadequate heating, draughts and general squalor

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16
Q

How did working class spending change in the war?

A

Spending on goods rose 60%

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17
Q

What was introduced in farming?

A

A minimum wage

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18
Q

Who were allowances introduced for?

A

People too injured to go back to war

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19
Q

How was maternity care improved?

A

Improved access to medical care and reducing costs

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20
Q

What did the 1915 care of mothers and young children do?

A

More midwives & health visitors, introduction of maternity benefits and provision of milk

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21
Q

What was life like for children?

A

In 1916 and 1917, death rates in children lowest ever recorded, 1918 education act meant that schools provide playing fields and sporting equipment

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22
Q

What was set up to help suffering families (as a result of the war)?

A

Prince of Wales’ national relief fund

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23
Q

How had labour votes changed in the 1918 election?

A

73 seats, votes from 1/2m to 2.4m (2.7m voted liberal)

24
Q

What was Women’s work like in the war?

A

100k in armed forces, 17k worked in France as admin and cooks

25
Q

How many women were working in munitions in 1918?

A

947k

26
Q

What was female work like in 1914, 1918 and 1931?

A

5.9 million, 7.3 million and 5.6 million

27
Q

What did the 1918 representation of the people act do for men?

A

Reducing housing requirements for vote

28
Q

How did the electorate change in 1918?

A

7.7 million to 21.4 million, women 43% of electorate

29
Q

What did Henderson suggest the voting ages be?

A

21 for men, 25 for women

30
Q

What did the NUWSS say they would do if mens qualifications changed?

A

Campaign for women to get into the electorate

31
Q

What did the 1920 coal mines act do?

A

Reduced hours to 7 per day and increased wages due to post war boom

32
Q

How safe was being a coal miner in 1920?

A

2% chance of death and 50% chance of serious illness in next 20 years

33
Q

What were the causes and results of the 1921 coal miners strike?

A

Owners wanted to cut wages, govt provided subsidies to mining industry, miners faced large cuts anyway

34
Q

What was the 1919 Addison housing act?

A

11 regional councils encouraged councils to build houses, 400k houses needed, 170k build during life of govt, resigned after budget cuts

35
Q

How much was cut in the 1921 Geddes Axes?

A

£64 million, 12% cut in govt expenditure

36
Q

How many orphans and widows were created in WW1, and how many British were killed?

A

3.5 million, 745K

37
Q

How many died in the flu epidemic?

A

150K

38
Q

How had income tax changed from 1914 to 1919?

A

6% to 30%

39
Q

How big was unemployment in June 1921?

A

2 million, was 1 million the year previous

40
Q

What was the comparison in electorate size from 1910 to 1918?

A

From 7.5 million to 21 million, only 59% turnout (lowest of the century)

41
Q

How had the distribution of seats changed?

A

Increased constituencies in industrial cities, creating working class constituencies

42
Q

Why was the Balfour declaration a disaster?

A

When it was signed, Palestine was still under Ottoman control - no sign of central powers losing war, 1916 Britain had split up middle east with france - gave themselves Palestine, in 1915 Kitchener offered Sharif Hussein an Arab state - which had Palestine in it, if there was an Arab revolt

43
Q

Why was Chanak a disaster?

A

Treaty of sèvres gave Greek land in west Turkey, Sultan forced to sign, Mustafa Kemal disagreed with it - Greek tried to Conquer all of Turkey, only came 40 miles out of Ankara, Turkish counter got land all the way to dardanelles, French and Russians giving weapons to Turkish, when Britain sent documents to dominions about possibility of war with Turkey, poincaré removed french troops from allied base - ended with Treaty of Lausanne in 1923

44
Q

What happened in the 1918 Fishers Education act?

A

School leaving age went from 12-14, with a local authority option of 15, increased grants for more secondary schools to be built and scholarships to grammar schools, £8 million grant given to ex-servicemen to go to uni

45
Q

How many working days were lost in 1919 and 1921?

A

35 million and 85 million

46
Q

What event caused an increase in Irish home rule support?

A

Easter rising

47
Q

What suggestion did DLG put forward and what happened to it?

A

Home rule for Ireland bar 6 counties of Ulster - Tories rejected it

48
Q

Who was sent in to quell Irish rebellion in 1920?

A

Black and tans- as 176 policemen were killed in 1920

49
Q

What was the 1921 Irish free state treaty, and what helped it get through?

A

Ireland would be a dominion bar 6 Ulster counties who could opt out, Sinn Fein initially disagreed to this, eventually accepted it - Irish delegates worn down, Austen Chamberlain replaced Bonar Law as tory leader - he wasn’t as prudent on the matter

50
Q

Why were the liberals owed to help the nationalists?

A

Redmond agreed to delay home rule issue until end of war

51
Q

What was made illegal in August 1919?

A

Sinn Fein

52
Q

How many seats were won in the 1918 election by Sinn Fein?

A

73 out of 105 Irish seats

53
Q

What happened to Michael Collins in August 1922?

A

He was assassinated in county cork

54
Q

Who resigned weeks before the Carlton club meeting?

A

Lord Curzon over the Chanak crisis and Stanley Baldwin as president of the board of trade

55
Q

Which 3 people being against Lloyd george didnt help his case?

A

The 3 press lords - Rothermere, Northcliffe and Beaverbrook

56
Q

Why did shipbuilding take longer to recover than in foreign competition?

A

It was unaided by the govt

57
Q

Who lost their seats in the 1918 election?

A

Asquith, Henderson, MacDonald and Snowden

British Hist (12 decks)

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