Coagulation Flashcards
Inhibit platelet adhesion
PGI2
Released in response to endothelial damage
vWF
collagen exposed
PGI2 redcued
Mechanism of platelet aggregation
GP1a bind collagen and GP1b binds vWF –> bound platelets replease ADP, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and serotonin (5-HT) –> those things recruit and activate more platelets - promote GPIIb/IIIa receptor to bind fibrinogen (crosslinks platelets) –> TXA2 and HR-2 cause vasoconstriction
Fibrin formation
TF + VII –> VIIa-TF (w/ IX and XIII) cleave X to Xa –> Xa (and V) cleaves prothrombin –> thrombin –> thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin
TFPI
inhibits activity of TF/VIIa
Protein C
w/ cofactor (protein S), destroys factors V and VIII
Thrombomodulin
on endothelial cells, allows activation of protein C by thrombin
Antithrombin III (AT III)
plasma protease inhibitor that inactivates clotting factors
alpha1-antiprotease and a2-macroglobulin
like AT III, inactivate clotting factors
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
inhibitors overwhelmed by injury, sepsis, etc. leading to clots everywhere
Fibrinolysis
removing fibrin clots via PLASMIN (digests fibrin and clotting factors)
Converts plasminogen to plasmin
tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
Antidote for Heparin
protamine sulfate
Use of heparin
anticoag: surgery, IV cath
Prophylaxis of DVT, PE
LMH drugs
enoxaprin
fondaparinux
Direct thrombin inhibitor drugs
Bivalirudin (IV)
Argatroban (IV)
Dabigatran (O)
Heparin is dependent on
AT III- protease of fibrin
Use of bivalirudin and argatroban
Alternate in HIT
Caution of bavalirudin and argatroban
liver patients
Dabigatrans use
prevent stroke in non-valvular a. fib
Metabolism of dabigatran
Kidney
argatroban and bivalrudin are liver
Contra for dabigatran
mech heart valves
avoid abrupt discontinuation: thrombotic events
Antidote for dabigatran
Idarucizumab
DTI
bivalirudin
argatroban
dabigatran
Direct Factor X inhibitors
Rivaroxaban
Apixiban
Betrixaban
Edoxaban
Warfarin MOA
inhibits Vit K epoxide reductase (vit K needed for clotting factors)
Factors effected by warfarin
II, VII, IX, X, protein C & S
SE of warfarin
hemorrhage
Dec. Protein C: cutaneous necrosis and infart
Contra of warfarin
pregnancy
drug interactions
Drug interactions of warfarin
vit K - abx (absorption) clotting factors - estrogen platelet aggregation/function - ASA dipslace from binding site on albumin inhibit/induce liver microsomal enzymes
t-PA
tissue plasminogen activator – plasminogen is converted to plasmin which digests fibrin and clotting factors (fibrinolysis)
t-PA released from
endothelium
PAI
binds free t-PA to prevent fibrinolysis; if not bound, t-PA cleaves plasminogen to plasmin and degrades clots
DOC for patients undergoing placement of coronary stents
Clopidigrel (ticlopidine, prasugrel)