Coag Test and Fibrinolysis - Lect Flashcards

1
Q

tilt tube method is the principle behind?

A

APTT and PT

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2
Q

this method requires gentle tilting of the tube back and forth at the rate of about once per second until a fibrin web is formed.

A

tilt tube method

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3
Q

wire loop technique is the principle behind?

A

clot retraction method

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4
Q

wire loop technique uses __ materia

A

nichrome

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5
Q

wire loop technique employs the use of a wire loop that is passed through the mixture at the ___ until a formed clot adheres to the loop.

A

rate of two sweeps per second

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6
Q

enumerate the manual techniques

A

tilt tube method and wire loop technique

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7
Q

enumerate the automated techniques

A

moving probe and optical density

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8
Q

this technique is immersed in the mixture that is triggered by clot formation

A

moving probe

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9
Q

this technique detects clot when it is formed in the mixture.

A

optical density

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10
Q

most common technique in automated devices and the one being measured in a turbid mixture to detect the rate of the formed clot.

A

optical density

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11
Q

enumerate the tests under secondary hemostasis

A

lee and white clotting time and slide method

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12
Q

lee and white clotting time screen secondary hemostasis, the ___ pathway

A

extrinsic and intrinsic pathway

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13
Q

principle of lee and white method

A

Expose blood to a negatively charged surface (glass)

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14
Q

normal value of lee and white

A

5-15 mins

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15
Q

normal value of slide method

A

4-10 mins

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16
Q

sensitivity of slide method clotting time

A

intrinsic pathway factors

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17
Q

this method is the surface of the glass tube initiates the clotting process. Fibrin string presence indicates clot formation.

A

clotting time - slide method

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18
Q

PT measures the __

A

extrinsic and common pathway

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19
Q

APTT measures the __ and common pathway except ___ and __

A

intrinsic and common pathway except factor XIII and platelets

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20
Q

PT monitors?

A

coumadin therapy

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21
Q

sample used for PT

A

citrated plasma - platelet poor plasma

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22
Q

sample used for APTT

A

citrated plasma - platelet poor plasma

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23
Q

nv of PT

A

10-15 secs

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24
Q

reagent used in PT

A

Tissue Thromboplastin, 0.025 M CaCl Solution

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25
Q

APTT monitors the?

A

heparin therapy

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26
Q

reagent used in APTT

A

Partial Thromboplastin (substitute for platelet),
CaCl, Activators

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27
Q

activators used in APTTT

A

Kaolin, Ellagic acid, Celite, Silica

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28
Q

Abnormal results from both indicates problem in the __

A

common pathway

29
Q

the one that binds with calcium to form insoluble complexes—inhibits calcium since the rest of the cascade requires calcium

A

sodium citrate

30
Q

calcium chloride substitutes calcium
that is being ___ .

A

inhibited or precipitated by the anticoagulant

31
Q

substitute for collagen

A

activators

32
Q

Thrombin time measures functional fibrinogen availability or decreased amount of _____ (75-100 mg/dL).

A

Fibrinogenemia or Dysfribrinogenemia

33
Q

drawback of TT

A

prolonged in patients undergoing Heparin Therapy

34
Q

measured thrombin is added to plasma and time for fibrin clot formation is recorded

A

thrombin time

35
Q

nv of TT

A

10-14 secs (brown)

36
Q

same as thrombin but not affected by heparin

A

reptilase time

37
Q

an enzyme found in the Bothrops atrox Snake venom that can convert Fibrinogen to
Fibrin.

A

reptilase (atroxin)

38
Q

reagent for RT

A

atroxin

39
Q

nv of RT

A

10-15 secs

40
Q

sytpven time is also known as __

A

russell’s viper venom time

41
Q

stypven time used to detect common pathway deficiencies in the Factors ___

A

X, V, II, and I

42
Q

Stypven is a thromboplastin-like substance that
activates __

A

factor X

43
Q

principle: Stypven is a thromboplastin-like substance that activates factor X. When this substance is added to plasma together with ____, coagulation will activate and time is recorded until clot is formed.

A

platelin (platelet substitute) and CaCl

44
Q

nv of stypven time

A

6-10 secs

45
Q

ducker’s test is also known as

A

5m urea solubility test

46
Q

ducker’s test detects ___ deficiency

A

factor XIII

47
Q

principle of ducker’s test

A

clot formed after coagulation is added with 5M urea.

48
Q

reagent used in ducker’s test

A

5M Urea or 1% monochloroacetic Acid and 2% acetic acid

49
Q

nv of ducker’s test

A

Insoluble clot formation after 24 hours

50
Q

substitute for 5m urea in ducker’s test

A

1% monocholoacetic acid and 2%
acetic acid

51
Q

last step of coagulation cascade

A

fibrinolysis

52
Q

a protein that breakdowns the clots

A

plasmin

53
Q

it is the systemic, accelerating fibrin hydrolysis by plasmin.

A

fibrinolysis

54
Q

Plasminogen is the inactivated form of plasmin by ___ / ___.

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) / Urokinase Plasminogen Activator (u-PA)

55
Q

regulates the balance of plasminogen activation so that not all plasminogen
will be converted to plasmin.

A

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

56
Q

regulates the balance of plasminogen activation so that not all plasminogen
will be converted to plasmin.

A

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)

57
Q

Plasmin degrades __, remodels ___ and promotes cell migration which is actually for the purpose of
healing the injured area.

A

fibrin, remodels extracellular matrix (ECM),

58
Q

enuemerate the proteins necessary in the fibrinolysis

A
  • plasminogen
  • tissue plasminogen activator
  • urokinase
  • plasminogen activator inhibitor - 1
  • a2-antiplamsin
  • thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor
59
Q

inactive form of plasmin

A

serine protease zygomen

60
Q

PLASMINOGEN
Serine Protease Zymogen: plasmin is the active form
which digests __ and __.

A

fibrin and Fibrinogen

61
Q

a protein secreted by the endothelium and activates
plasminogen

A

tissue plasminogen activator

62
Q

protein secreted by kidneys and activates plasminogen

A

urokinase

63
Q

protein/s that activates plasminogen

A

tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase

64
Q

a protein from endothelium and inhibits TPA

A

plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

65
Q

a protein that inhibits plasmin

A

a2-antiplasmin

66
Q

a protein that suppresses fibrinolysis

A

thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor

67
Q

fibrinolysis process

A

The fibrin formed is composed of 2 domains: D and E
2. Plasminogen in plasma is activaed by TPA and urokinase into active enzyme called plasmin.
3. Plasmin, then cleaves the peptide bonds on the
arginine and lysine amino acid that connects the two
domains.
4. The digested fibrin will then form the fibrin degradation products (FDPS) namely:
a. Fragment X (D-E-D)
b. Fragment Y (D-E)
c. Fragment D, E
d. fragment D-D

68
Q

the one measured and
test that correspond to active fibrinolysis such as in patients with DIC where __ are elevated.

A

D-dimer