Coaching Process Flashcards
Client-Centered Relationship Key Competencies
1-Client’s agenda, needs, interests & preferences drives the coaching relationship
2-Share coach’s personal info only when appropriate
3-Share info/rec only when specifically asked or given permission
4-Observe, name and refer to client’s beliefs and values
5-Convey the belief that client is expert on themselves
6-Adjust according to client’s health literacy
Client-Centered Relationship
A non-authoritative approach that lets client lead
~ coach provides structure, client leads way in plan of action
~ coach acts as facilitative partner, not expert or educator
~ help clients uncover their values, strengths and resources and figure out how to leverage them in purposeful way
Trust & Rapport
It is the coach’s responsibility to create a safe and supportive environment - a positive space where the client feels unconditionally accepted and supported without fear of judgement
Trust & Rapport Competencies
1- demonstrate benevolence, honesty, sincerity and authenticity
2- convey unconditional positive regard
3- follow through on commitments to client
4- address conflict or discord as it arises
Active Listening & Presence
Listening to verbal and nonverbal cues. Notice relevant behavior. Resist “knowing” what the client needs.
Active Listening & Presence Competencies
1- be attentive & mindful
2- be open-minded
3- be curious without assumptions
4- pace communication o fit client’s needs
5- listen for what is not being said
6- nonverbal communication: use silence appropriately; attend to and address nonverbal communication
Client Emotions and Energy Competencies
1- attend to the client’s state of being (mood/affect/presence)
2- acknowledge client’s emotions
3- ask client to describe emotions when appropriate
4- show empathy
5- foster self-compassion
Refelctions
Convey active listening and give client’s the opportunity to hear their own words, perspectives and beliefs.
Reflections Competencies
1- Simple/Mirroring - paraphrasing - repeating to ensure clarity and understanding
2- Reflecting: “I’m hearing” connecting experiences with thoughts
*Double Sided - “Help me understand” point out discrepancies
*Amplified - “Help me understand” add meaning, reflect emotions, make educated guess
3- Summaries - concisely reflect main points
4- Recall previous information and experiences of client
Expand the Conversation Competencies
1- Open-ended questions: what or how; prompt self-reflection
2- Evocative (powerful) questions: inspire insight to gain perspective
3- Using Metaphors: illustrates point, creates insight, clarifies complex ideas
4- Brainstorming: encourage client to come up with own ideas, before setting goals
5- Connect the focus to multiple dimensions of life
6- Explore perspectives & inspire interest in new possibilities: experiment with new ideas and ways of thinking
7- Incorporating coach’s intuition: apply when sensing client is stuck
Focus and Refocus the Conversation Competencies
1- Closed-ended questions: helps client move forward with purpose
2- Interrupt and redirect: helps client reach more productive outcome
3- Bottom-lining: shifts client to examine what is most important “is this goal still a priority for you?”
4- Scaling questions: assess priorities, confidence & willingness around making a change
5- Ask client to summarize: consider bigger picture, process insights and move forward
Mistakes that impair questioning
1- focusing on the question more than the answer
2- giving advice masked as a question
3- rushing client toward an answer or outcome: ask what/how instead of why
4- asking leading questions: interpretive & rhetorical
5- rambling: less is more
Assist Client to Evaluate and Integrate Health Information
Identify what the client understands.
Assist client in finding and utilizing health and wellness resources.
Goals & Implementing Action
Support client in choosing goals and action steps.
Recognize client’s readiness to change and support client in designing appropriate action steps.
Help track & review progress.
Goals & Implementing Action Competencies
1- Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change): Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance
2- SMART goals - Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timely
3- Patient activation & engagement models
4- Visualization to elicit intrinsic motivation
5- Commitment to action
6- Pace of learning and implementation of goal
7- Anticipate and plan for challenges
8- Behavior tracking
9- Create and manage accountability plan
10-Behavioral goals v. Outcome goals
Transtheoretical Model - Stages of Change
1- Precontemplation: “I’m not ready yet”; unaware of the problem; decisional balance tool; pros/cons
2- Contemplation: “Psyching yourself up”; fence sitters; next 3-6 months
3- Preparation: “Let’s do this!”; preparing to do the work in the next 30 days
4- Action: “Doing their thing”; started change and working towards goal; creating intrinsic motivation; first 6 months of change
5- Maintenance: “I like this and I want to keep this as my lifestyle”; Over 6 months; creating plan for obstacles
Behavioral Goals
AKA Process Goals or Learning Goals
May be more effective for complex lifestyle behaviors
Centered on actions you take to achieve outcome goals
Outcome Goals
Focused on end result
Can be good starting place
Use behavioral goals to achieve
Client Awareness, Perspective Shifts and Insights Competencies
1- Reframe - positive reframing to shift perspectives
2- Identify Limiting beliefs
3- Explore triggers
4- Awareness of self-talk & adjustment
Client’s freedom of choice, autonomy and intrinsic motivation Competencies
1- Elicit client’s perspectives
2- Help explore & articulate purpose
3- Help envision optimal health/wellbeing
4- discuss and honor pref for self-monitoring, accountability
5- Self determination theory
6- Motivational Interviewing Concepts
Self-determination Theory
People have a natural tendency to want to grow & master new challenges with proper conditions:
1- Competence: ability supported through positive feedback
2- Relatedness/Connectedness: positive attachment to others through cheering on one another
3- Autonomy: options that make one feel in control of goals and actions
Generative Moments
Emotionally charged moments of inspiration, insight and clarity that occur as a client progresses toward their wellness vision
Motivational Interviewing - what it is
Client-centered counseling approach to support change.
Collaborative & goal-oriented type of communication with an emphasis on the language of change.
Designed to strengthen intrinsic motivation.
using Motivational interviewing to work through ambivalence
1- express empathy through reflective listening
2 - develop discrepancies between goals and current behavior
3- roll with resistance
4- support self-efficacy, autonomy and optimism
Principles of Motivational Interviewing
R- resist the righting reflex
U- understand motivation and values
L- listen with curiosity for change/sustain talk
E- empower building self-efficacy
Client Self-Efficacy Competencies
1- Explore ways to improve self-efficacy
2- Engage client in problem-solving
3- Engage client to evaluate options - short/long term benefits
4- Use client’s awareness to improve confidence
5- Social Cognitive Theory (influence of others and environment)
Improve Support Competencies
1- Social: developing supportive relationships
2- Structural/environmental: identifying community resources
Client Active Experimentation & Self-Discovery Competencies
1- Growth Mindset: capacity for intelligence and learning that exists on a continuum
2- Decisional Balance: pros/cons; readiness to change
Increase Positive Psychological Resources Competencies
1- Skills & Abilities
2- Efforts, progress, successes, insights and learning
3- Strengths
4- Values, qualities and self-worth
5- positive emotions, gratitude, acceptance and compassion
6- Optimism & resilience
Increase Positive Psychological Resources
Identify
Explore
Cultivate
Affirm
Improve creativity, open-mindedness, strategic-thinking, resilience, connection and health.
