CNS Trauma Flashcards
What type of hematoma is rapidly expanding with arterial blood?
Epidural Hematoma
What type of Hematoma is slowly expanding with venous blood?
Subdural Hematoma
What is the normal ICP?
5-15 mmHg
What is the measure of the brain tissue and CSF fluid?
ICP
Elevated ____ can lead to brain herniation
ICP
What is the normal range range for CPP?
50-70 mmHg
What is the equation for CPP?
CPP=MAP-ICP
True or False: an increased GSC score leads to a better response
True
True or false: the GCS is a diagnostic tool for CNS trauma
False
What is the goal range to reduce an elevated ICP?
<20-22 mmHg
What drug is used to decrease ICP?
Mannitol
What is the dose for mannitol?
0.25-1 gm/kg IV
What are the two strengths of Hypertonic Saline used to treat elevated ICP?
- 3%
- 23.4%
What line is preferred for the use of hypertonic saline?
Central line
What are 3 neurosurgical interventions needed to stop bleeding?
- Craniotomy, hemi-craniotomy
- External ventricular drain
- Antimicrobial prophylaxis
What is the sodium target in CNS trauma Populations?
145-155 mEq/L
What type of solution is typically avoided in CNS trauma populations?
D5
What are 3 agents used for seizure prophylaxis for CNS trauma patients?
- Keppra
- Phenytoin/fosphenytion
- Valproic acid
How long is primary seizure prophylaxis?
Up to 7 days
If a patient remains seizure free after 7 days, what do you do with the chosen agent?
The agent is discontinued
If a patient has a seizure while on seizure prophylaxis, what happens with the chosen agent?
Lifelong antiepileptic therapy
What trauma is more common with cervical injuries?
Neurogenic shock
What is the target MAP for the first seven days of a spinal trauma?
85-90
What are 2 things used to keep the target MAP in spinal traumas?
- Fluids
- Vasopressors
True or False: corticosteroids are no longer used to treat spinal traumas
True
