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Pharm > CNS stimulants > Flashcards

CNS stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

Information run along the nervous system in the form of what ?

A

electrical impulse

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2
Q

How does the information get into the nervous system ?

A

In the form of chemical which attaches to the dendrites

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3
Q

The information jumps across each areas called?

A

The Axon and is jumping across the myelin sheet

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4
Q

What is the spaces between the myelin sheet?

A

Node of ranvier, which increase the speed of the of the action potential

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5
Q

Function of the nervous system

** also this happen with pt who had a stroke ?

A 
Controls all:
– Motor
– Sensory (impaired)
– Autonomic (V/S)
– Cognitive ( thinking)
– Behavioral activities.
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6
Q

Information moving along a Neuro is called?

A

Action potential

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7
Q

CNS function and anatomy

Neuron structure

A

Divided into the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Central
- brain and spinal cord

Peripheral

  • 12 Cranial nerves
  • 31 spina nerves
  • autonomic nervous system

Neuron structure
— transmit or conduct nerve impulses

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8
Q

Types of neurons

A

Sensory ( afferent ) neurons
- carry information from periphery towards the CNS

Motor ( efferent) neuron
- carry information from the CNS toward periphery

Interneurons
- found only in you CNS ( spinal cord) ; connects sensory and motor nerves

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9
Q

Role of the neurotransmitter

A

Is the chemical messenger
- communicate messages from one neuron to another or a specific target tissue

  • neurotransmitter can potential, terminate, or modulate a specific action or can excite or inhibit a target cell
  • many neurological disorders are due to imbalance in neurotransmitters
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10
Q

What is calcium responsible for ?

What is sodium and potassium responsible for ?

What does the body of the Neuro do?

A
  • the release of neurotransmitter

— works on the axon to cause the jump jump activity to move the impulse

— process the impulse

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11
Q

Neurotransmitter ///. What it does

Dopamine (CNS) deals with SNS to wake up. (stimulant)
Epinephrine aka adrenaline SNS ( stimulant)
Norepinephrine aka noradrenaline SNS (stimulant
Serotonin CNS PNS (depression)
Acetylcholine. PNS. (depression)
GABA. PNS. (depression)
Glutamate.
Endorphins

A

1) involved in regulation of movement, reward, and punishment, please, energy ( exciters)
2) excitatory neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness ( exciters)
3) involved in arousal, alertness, energy and feeling of pleasure ( exciters)
4) involved in regulation of mood and impulsivity
5) inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in movement, memory, function, motivation, and sleep
6) inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in arousal, judgment and impulsiveness
8) excitatory neurotransmitter
9) substance involved in pain relief reward/punishment

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12
Q

Stimulate

A

Create fake message in the brain telling the body that is under stress
heart rate speed up. Blood vessels to the heart constrict. The liver release of sugar into the blood, reducing the bodies energy stores.
results if real stress occurs the body won’t be able to respond

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13
Q

Depressant

A

Slow messages between the body and brain signals from the eyes and others senses reach the brain slowly.
Heart rate drops leaving the body with less oxygen breathing rate decreased risk for lung infection rises,
messages to muscles are slower, arms and legs cannot move well.
Results the body cannot sense or respond to danger quicker

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14
Q

Why do we give stimulants?

A

ADHD
Narcolepsy ( someone who falls asleep)
Reversal of respiratory distress

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15
Q

Categories for stimulants

A

— Amphetamine
Acts on cerebral cortex

— Analeptics, caffeine
Acts in brain stem and medulla ** given to pt in respiratory distress

— anorexiants
Act on satiety center in hypothalamic and limbic areas ** given to pt on a diet

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16
Q

ADHD

Characteristics

A

ADHD is a dysregulation of transmitters ( serotonin norepinephrine and dopamine ) * Mainly norepinephrine and dopamine

Usually occurs in children’s before the age of seven years old and is more common in boys

Characteristics: inattentiveness, inability to concentrate, restlessNess, hyper active, inability to complete task, impulsivity

Must happen in school home and public places all three areas

17
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Recurrent attack of drowsiness and sleep during daytime. A complete paralyzed of the muscles. Patient is unable to move and collapse
Unable to control sleep
Falling asleep while: driving, talking, eating, standing

18
Q

Amphetamines

SNS

A

Action: stimulate release of norepinephrine and dopamine.

Side effects: tachycardia, palpitation hypertension, sleeplessness, restlessness, your ability, anorexia, dry mouth, weight loss, diarrhea, constipation, impotence

The half-life of amphetamines varies from 9 to 13 hours. Amphetamines and dextroamphetamine are prescribed for narcolepsy and ADHD when amphetamine-like drugs are ineffective.

19
Q

Methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate
*focalin

amphetamine-like drugs

(Modafinil, Provigil) is increase wakefulness in patient with sleeping disorder

A

Action: modulates serotonergic pathways by affecting changes in dopamine transporters

Use: to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
increase attention span and cognitive performance (memory and reading).
Decreases impulsiveness, hyperactivity, restlessness

S/E: tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension, dysthymia, restlessness, tremors, irritability, dizziness, headache, blurred vision, Ruppia, confusion, anorexia, dry mouth, weight loss

Contra indication: hyperthyroidism, hypertension, Parkinson’s, anxiety, glaucoma, psychosis.

Interactions: increase affect of oral anticoagulants, barbiturates, anticonvulsant , TCA, MAOI
Decreased effect of anti-hypertensive and may alter insulin affects

Implementation: Monitor vital signs and report irregular heartbeat
, evaluate height and growth of children,
observe patient for withdrawal symptoms,
Use sugarless gum to relieve dry mouth
monitor patient for side effects such as insomnia restlessness nervousness tremors irritability tachycardia and elevated blood pressure

Patient education: teach patient to take drug before meals,
avoid alcohol and caffeine,
read OTC label they may contain caffeine,
avoid driving,
teach patient not to abruptly discontinue the drug the drug must be tapered down

20
Q

Anorexiants

DRUGS: ends in -mine -HCL 
Benzphetamine HCL (Didrex)
Diethylpropion HCL (Tenuate)
Phentermine HCL (Suprenza)
Phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia)
 Phendimetrazine (Bontril)
 Lorcaserin (Belviq)
A

Action ; Causes simulate effect on hypothermic and limbic area of the brain to suppress appetite
Use: suppress appetite by acting on satiety center in hypothalamic & limbic areas
SE: nervousness, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia, HTN, seizures, palpitation
contraindications not given to children under 12.
nursing implications: report irregular heartbeat
record height, weight, & growth of children
observe for withdrawal symptoms

patient teaching take drug before meals
avoid caffeine, alcohol.
Read OTC labels since many contain caffeine.
use sugarless gum to relieve dry mouth
monitor weight 2x a week & report weight loss
avoid driving when tremors, nervousness, & ↑ HR

21
Q

Analeptics
(THEOPHYLLINE) and DOXAPRAM (DOPRAM)

( NEW BORN)THEOPHYLLINE = use stimulate respiration in newborns. bronchospasm prophylaxis
(Adults) DOXAPRAM = Respiratory depression caused by overdose, pre-
and postanesthetic respiratory depression, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

action: acts on the brainstem and medulla to stimulate respiration

S/E: restlessness, tremors, twitching, palpitations, insomnia, diuresis, tinnitus, nausea, diarrhea, psych dependence

S/E Hypertension, tachycardia, trembling, convulsions

contraindications excess caffeine causes dysrhythmias & convulsions. ↑ doses of caffeine in coffee, chocolate, & cold-relief meds can cause psych dependence. Caffeine contraindicated during pregnancy

nursing implications: report irregular heartbeat
record height, weight, & growth of children
observe for withdrawal symptoms

patient teaching take drug before meals
avoid caffeine, alcohol.
Read OTC labels since many contain caffeine.
use sugarless gum to relieve dry mouth
monitor weight 2x a week & report weight loss
avoid driving when tremors, nervousness, & ↑ HR

Pharm (6 decks)

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