CNS Stimulants Flashcards
CNS Stimulants increase
alertness/awareness productivity/motivation arousal/locomotion, HR, BP Euphoria Nervousness/anxiety
CNS Stimulants decrease
requirement for sleep and food intake
CNS Stimulant overdose can cause (2)
convulsions
death
Doxapram - drug type?
increases? (2)
two major characteristics?
respiratory stimulant
counteracts post-anesthetic respiratory depression
increases tidal volume and respiratory rate
fast acting, short duration
analeptics and respiratory stimulant
Doxapram
Analeptics and respiratory stimulants MOA
ANTAGONIST to GABA-a receptors
Methylxanthines (2)
caffeine
theophylline
Caffeine primary treatment for?
apnea of prematurity
Theophyllin primarily used for (2)
COPD and Asthma
Sympathomimetic Amides (6)
Methamphetamine
Dexamphetamine
Methylphenidate
Cocaine
Modafinil
Atomoxetine
CNS Stimulants Metabolism (2)
Drug-Drug interactions (2)
peripheral degradation by MAO enzymes
Liver degradation
Do not use with MAOI’s or SSRI’s
CNS Stimulant excretion
in urine mostly unchanged
Analeptic MOA
depression of inhibitory neurotransmission
disinhibition
Methylxanthines MOA
inhibition of CNS Suppression
Amphetamines, Cocaine MOA
enhancement of excitatory transmission
inhibition of DOPAMINE TRANSPORTER
as well as SERT AND NET
Amphetamine also interferes with VMAT AND VESICLE STORAGE
Home of DA Neurons =
Ventral Tegmental Area
Side Effects of Psychomotor Stimulants
euphoria, dysphoria, insomnia, irritability, tremor, headache, loss of appetite
MI, CVA
anorexia, weight loss
addiction
ADHD
hyperactivity/impulsivity type prevalance?
inattentive predominant type?
combined type?
10%
30 to 40%
50 to 60%
Non-Stimulant ADHD Tx
Atomoxetine
Clonidine
Modafinil
Antidepressants
Atomoxetine MOA
selective NE RE-UPTAKE INHIBITOR
Modafinil MOA
clinical use?
histamine neuron activator in the TUBEROMAMMILLARY NUCLEUS of the hypothalamus
promotes attention and awakeness
NARCOLEPSY
