CNS Stimulants

Question 1

CNS Stimulant

Answer 1

-speeding up both mental and
physical processes.
-elevate blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate
-increse energy and alertness

Question 2

psychomotor stimulant

Answer 2

cause excitement and euphoria, decrease feelings of
fatigue, and increase motor activity.

Question 3

The hallucinogens, or psychotomimetic drugs

Answer 3

produce profound changes in
thought patterns and mood, with little effect on the brainstem and spinal cord

Question 4

EXAMPLES OF HALLUCINOGENS

Answer 4

-dronabinol
-LSD
-PCP
THC

Question 5

Methylxanthines

Answer 5

-caffeine, theophylline, theobromine
-adenosine structure

Question 6

Methylxanthines M.O.A

Answer 6

1)Blockade of adenosine receptors
2)increase in cAMP and cGMP caused by inhibition of PDE
3)Stimulus for elevation of intracellular calcium

Question 7

A1 receptors

Answer 7

-pre synaptic
-inhibition of
synaptic transmission and decreased neuronal excitability
-promotes sleep
-found on wake stimulating neurons

Question 8

A2 receptors

Answer 8

-located in striatum and nuclus accumbens
-associated with motivation, arousal, and dopaminergic signaling
-enhances sleep
-found on sleep promoting neurons(activated by adenosine)

Question 9

binding A1 and A2

Answer 9

-inhibitory effect on CNS
-causes depression of electrical activity
–inhibition of synaptic transmission
inhibit release of AChE, NE, DA, GABA, and SE
-sedative and calming

Question 10

Process of inhibition of phospho-di esterase (PDE)

Answer 10

1) A1 coupled to the Gi/o protein which inhibits AC activity -> reduces cAMP production
—–>A2A coupled to GS protein which stimulates AC -> increases cAMP production
2)Adenylyl cyclase (AC): converts ATP to cAMP
3)PDE breaks down cAMP to cGMP

Question 11

caffeine and PDE

Answer 11

-caffeine inhibits PDE
-prevents breakdown of cAMP into AMP

Question 12

Elevated cAMP levels

Answer 12

-due to PDE inhibition, intracellular cAMP increases
-elevated cAMP levels lead to enhanced secondary messenger signalling

Question 13

Secondary effects of cAMP elevation

Answer 13

-activate Protein Kinase A

Question 14

PKA activation and cellular response

Answer 14

-increase neuronal excitability by modulating ion channel activity

Question 15

Gene expression and plasticity

Answer 15

-PKA phosphorylates CREB
-promotes the transcription of plasticity related genes