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Dental Therapeutics Exam 1 > CNS Stimulant Drugs > Flashcards

CNS Stimulant Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Glutamate

A

Wake supporting chemical; Excitatory processes, memory; Block produces unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia

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2
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Wake supporting chemical; Supports waking, muscle tone; Stress, some analgesia

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3
Q

Serotonin

A

Wake supporting chemical; Waking; Antidepressants, salivation

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4
Q

Dopamine

A

Wake supporting chemical; Arousal, salience, motor; Decrease in Parkinsons disease, excess in schizophrenia and increase stimulant drugs, dependence

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5
Q

Histamine

A

Wake supporting chemical; Waking switch, immune, energy-weight; Antihistamines produce drowsiness, weight gain

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6
Q

Orexin

A

Wake supporting chemical; Maintains waking; Loss produces narcolepsy

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7
Q

Melanocortin or Corticosteroid or Endogenous Opiate

A

Wake supporting chemical; Arousal, energy metabolism; Max in morning-Glucocorticoids, CRF, endomorphans, melanocyte stimulation, hormone

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8
Q

Thyroid

A

Wake supporting chemical; Energy metabolism and waking; Deficiency produces mental dullness

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9
Q

Acetylcholine and Dopamine

A

Agents in Special Sleep State; Waking on, REM on; Max in REM, Mediates dreams and hallucinations

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10
Q

Norepinephrine and Serotonin

A

Agents in Special Sleep State; Waking on, REM off; Min during REM, Turned off by GABA, muscle atonia

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11
Q

Prolactin (PL) &/ Oxytocin

A

Agents in Special Sleep State; Antianxiety; Nursing, Post coital drowsiness, Oxytocin antianxiety effect

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12
Q

Progesterone

A

Agents in Special Sleep State; Antianxiety; Allopregnenolne binds GABA receptors and facilitates drowsiness

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13
Q

Prostaglandin D2

A

Agents in Special Sleep State; Sleep promoter; Sleepiness in sleep sickness

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14
Q

GABA, Glycine, GHB

A

Sleep Promoting Agents; Anti-anxiety, abnormal in epilepsy

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15
Q

Growth Hormone

A

Sleep Promoting Agents; Slow wave sleep; Release max at beginning of sleep, Anabolic

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16
Q

Vasopressin

A

Sleep Promoting Agents; Circadian time mediator; Experimental use in elderly

17
Q

Melatonin

A

Sleep Promoting Agents; Timing of sleep cycle, initiates; Helpful in aged patient, jetlag

18
Q

Adenosine

A

Sleep Promoting Agents; Sleep need indicator; Accumulates in sleep deprivation, caffeine blocks

19
Q

Gherlin, Delta sleep peptide, Agouti, Adenosine, NPY, VIP

A

Sleep Promoting Agents; Sleep or drowsiness, reduced energy metabolism; Various

20
Q

Amphetamines

A

Sympathomimetics; Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, Lisdexamphetamine (Vyvanese); Displace and release presynaptic transmitter from vesicles, Block transmitter reuptake, Acts as pseudo-transmitters, Can block MAO, Prefrontal cortex NE; CII

21
Q

Methylphenidate

A

(Ritalin); Sympathomimetics; DA reuptake block; Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin); Block transmitter reuptake, Prefrontal cortex NE; CII; ADHD treatment; Metabolism: Does not inhibit cytochrones, Metabolized in liver by carboxylesterase (CES1A1), Drug interaction with anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antibiotic linazolid (Blocks monamine oxidase), and anticoagulants; Side Effects - like Sympathomimetics (dry mouth), Alpha 2 agonists (Sleepiness, low BP, Dry mouth, Decrease GI acid secretion, “Withdrawal reactions” and GH release in kids)

22
Q

Pemoline

A

(Cylert); Sympathomimetics; More toxic than Methylphenidate

23
Q

Ephedrine

A

(Pseudoephedrine); Sympathomimetics; Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) - Decongestant but diverted to Methamphetamine synthesis; Displace and release presynaptic transmitter from vesicle, Act as pseudo-transmitters

24
Q

Cocaine

A

(Erythoxylom coca); Sympathomimetics; Diff mechanism of action; Block transmitter reuptake (Biogenic amines - DA, NE & 5HT), Local anesthetic, Prefrontal cortex NE; CII; Used in ENT meds; Blocks baroreceptor input to heart (BP increase); CNS stimulation (Monoamine), Mydriasis (alpha-2 agonist), Euphoria; May prolong NE action on alpha and beta peripheral receptors - Vasoconstriction and Increase CO - Ventricular hypertrophy; Dental Impact - Bruxism, Dry mouth, Dental treatment stimulus increase BP, Benzodiazepine reduces reactive response

25
Q

Selective Reuptake Antidepressants

A

Sympathomimetics; Block transmitter reuptake, Prefrontal cortex NE; Selective Reuptake Blocker - Rx (DA block - Dependence)

26
Q

Actions of Sympathomimetics

A

Decreases effects of fatigue (CNS DA), Temporary appetite suppression (Tolerance develops); Used to treat narcolepsy, Used to treat AD/HD, ADD, Adjunct to opiate analgesia (Rare), Physiologic Respiratory Stimulation (Not for long term)

27
Q

Side Effects of Sympathomimetics

A

Insomnia, Anorexia, Reduce growth in children, Paranoid psychosis stereotypic behaviors, Can elevate blood pressure (Stroke, microstrokes -> Increase Alzheimers), Cardiovascular damage or hypertrophy, Dry mouth, Bruxism, TMJ, Caries; Lowers seizure threshold; Dependence (look like depression, “Psychological”)

28
Q

Hallucinogens, Designer Drugs Controlled Substance Class

A

Hallucinogens - LSD, MDA, Psilocyben, Mescaline - C1

Designer Drugs - Ecstasy (MDMA) - C1

29
Q

Methylxanthines

A

Stimulants (Reduce fatigue); Caffiene, Theobromine, Theophylline, Aminophylline; Positive ionotropic (force) and chronotropic (rate) action on heart; Smooth muscle relaxation, Improves respiratory function, Improve respiratory drive, Potentiate steroid anti-inflammatory, Weak diuretic, Caffienol = Treatment of ischemic stroke

30
Q

Methylxanthines Mechanism of Action

A

Block inhibitor adenosine receptors (Arousal), High doses inhibit phosphodiesterase - Promote increase in cAMP, Increase Ca++ permeability, Induce histone deacetylases potentiating steroid anti-inflammatory action

31
Q

Theophylline and Aminophylline

A

Methylxanthines; Asthma treatment - Relax smooth muscles and increase voluntary tone; Brutal dosing

32
Q

Methylxanthine Side Effects

A

Anxiety or insomnia or antagonize dental sedatives, Seizures or hypertension (high doses), Release of catecholamines (vasoconstrictors), Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting, Theophylline kinetics monitor, Coffee - Increase GI acid and secretions, Little dependence liability

33
Q

Theophylline (Caffiene) Drug Interactions

A

Antagonizes benzodiazepines, sedative and anesthetics, propofol and increase halothane arrhythmias, metabolic drugs (cleared by CYP1A2), diet, metabolic inducers, metabolic inhibitors (beta blockers, macrolides, disulfiram, quinolones, interferon, diuretics, potentiate anti-inflammatory steroids)

Dental Therapeutics Exam 1 (4 decks)

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