CNS pharm drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Alters GABA-ion channel to stay open for longer; long half life so this drug is meant to be used long term; it is a controlled susbtance; associated with addiction - down regulation of receptors; P450 induction - enzymes become better at metabolizing; metabolized by liver so may cause hepatopathy

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2
Q

Bromide (KBr)

A

Increases IPSP by displacing chloride and having a higher permeability through GABA receptor-channel; often times paired with phenobarbital because it is excreted in the kidneys so you don’t have to worry about liver problems

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3
Q

Zonisamide

A

Prolongs refractory period of sodium channel so that it can’t open for long period of time; this drug mimics sulfas and may be associated with allergies

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4
Q

Levetiracetam

A

acts pre-synaptically by binding to synaptic vesicle protein 2a - this enhances GABA release through unkown mechanism; renal excretion - good for patients with liver issues; often used following diazepam because of a longer half-life

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5
Q

Topiramate

A

GABA analogue - glutamate antagonist; multiple mechanisms of actions - enhance GABA, enhance Na+ channel inactivation, blocks AMPA glutamate channels; even though it has a short half life, it bioaccumulates in the brain and has longer lasting brain effects

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6
Q

Diazepam

A

aka valium; drug of choice for status epilepticus; it has a high lipid solubility and efficacy so it quickly reaches the brain; however it rapidly redistributes to fat; given short term during emergency

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7
Q

Primidone

A

only anticonvulsant drug approved in dogs int he US - it needs to be metabolized in the liver first to become phenobarbital

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8
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

Antipsychotic - sedative; alpha-2 agonist - inhibits NE release; provides some analgesia; it lowers seizure threshold so use with caution in epileptics; it is REVERSIBLE via atipamezole

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9
Q

Atipamezole

A

alpha-2 antagonist - promotes NE release by blocking alpha-2 receptor and displaces dexmedetomidine from the receptor; used as a reverse sedative to wake animal up

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10
Q

Clomipramine

A

anti-depressant; non-seelctive - tricyclic; catecholamine reuptake of inhibitors; approved for separation anxiety; because it is non-selective it has many side effects

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11
Q

Fluoxetine

A

aka prozac; anti-depressant; serotonin selective; used to treat compulsive behavior, separation anxiety, phobias, and urine marking; relieves depression without negative side effects because it is selective for one NT

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12
Q

L-deprenyl (anipryl; selegiline)

A

Blocks monoamine oxidase B - this increases the availability of catecholamines; these drugs are promoted as treatment of senility (canine cognitive dysfunction)

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