CNS pharm drugs Flashcards
Phenobarbital
Alters GABA-ion channel to stay open for longer; long half life so this drug is meant to be used long term; it is a controlled susbtance; associated with addiction - down regulation of receptors; P450 induction - enzymes become better at metabolizing; metabolized by liver so may cause hepatopathy
Bromide (KBr)
Increases IPSP by displacing chloride and having a higher permeability through GABA receptor-channel; often times paired with phenobarbital because it is excreted in the kidneys so you don’t have to worry about liver problems
Zonisamide
Prolongs refractory period of sodium channel so that it can’t open for long period of time; this drug mimics sulfas and may be associated with allergies
Levetiracetam
acts pre-synaptically by binding to synaptic vesicle protein 2a - this enhances GABA release through unkown mechanism; renal excretion - good for patients with liver issues; often used following diazepam because of a longer half-life
Topiramate
GABA analogue - glutamate antagonist; multiple mechanisms of actions - enhance GABA, enhance Na+ channel inactivation, blocks AMPA glutamate channels; even though it has a short half life, it bioaccumulates in the brain and has longer lasting brain effects
Diazepam
aka valium; drug of choice for status epilepticus; it has a high lipid solubility and efficacy so it quickly reaches the brain; however it rapidly redistributes to fat; given short term during emergency
Primidone
only anticonvulsant drug approved in dogs int he US - it needs to be metabolized in the liver first to become phenobarbital
Dexmedetomidine
Antipsychotic - sedative; alpha-2 agonist - inhibits NE release; provides some analgesia; it lowers seizure threshold so use with caution in epileptics; it is REVERSIBLE via atipamezole
Atipamezole
alpha-2 antagonist - promotes NE release by blocking alpha-2 receptor and displaces dexmedetomidine from the receptor; used as a reverse sedative to wake animal up
Clomipramine
anti-depressant; non-seelctive - tricyclic; catecholamine reuptake of inhibitors; approved for separation anxiety; because it is non-selective it has many side effects
Fluoxetine
aka prozac; anti-depressant; serotonin selective; used to treat compulsive behavior, separation anxiety, phobias, and urine marking; relieves depression without negative side effects because it is selective for one NT
L-deprenyl (anipryl; selegiline)
Blocks monoamine oxidase B - this increases the availability of catecholamines; these drugs are promoted as treatment of senility (canine cognitive dysfunction)