CNS part 1

Question 0

diminished brain size

Answer 0

microcephaly

Question 1

absence of brain formation

Answer 1

ancephaly

Question 2

absence of gyri

Answer 2

agyri

Question 3

increased number of smaller than normal, shallow gyri

Answer 3

polymicrogyri

Question 4

abnormally enlarged gyri

Answer 4

macrogyri/pachygyri

Question 5

Diminished forebrain size can be due to what 4 conditions

Answer 5

fetal alcohol syndrome, Trisomy 18 (Edward’s Syndrome), Congenital rubella, Congenital HIV

Question 6

Most common cause of hydrocephalus

Answer 6

obstruction of normal CSF flow

Question 7

3 main presentations of spina bifida

Answer 7

spina bifida occulta, myeloccele and myelomenigocele

Question 8

Missing portion of a posterior vertebral body

Answer 8

spina bifida occulta

Question 9

herniation of the meninges but not the cord

Answer 9

meningocele

Question 10

herniation of the meninges and the spinal cord

Answer 10

menigomyelocele

Question 11

can be measured in the blood, urine, or amniotic fluid

Answer 11

maternal alpha fetal protein

Question 12

Most common type of cerebral palsy

Answer 12

spastic cerebral palsy

Question 13

hypertonic musculature stemming from damage to the motor cortex, corticospinal tract, or pyramidal tract

Answer 13

spastic CP

Question 14

necrosis around the ventricles is called

Answer 14

periventricular leukomalacia

Question 15

Most common finding on CP autopsy

Answer 15

periventricular leukomalacia

Question 16

PVL is caused by

Answer 16

lack of blood to the periventricular area of the brain

Question 17

Inflammation of the pia and arachnoid

Answer 17

meningitis

Question 18

inflammation of the brain

Answer 18

encephalitis

Question 19

inflammation of both the meninges and brain

Answer 19

meningoencephalitis

Question 20

Most common cause of meningitis

Answer 20

viral infections

Question 21

(bacterial/viral) meningitis resolve without treatment while (bacterial/viral) may result in death or brain damage even with treatment

Answer 21

viral; bacterial

Question 22

3 most common bacteria found in meningitis of neonates

Answer 22

E. coli, Streptococci Group B, Listeria

Question 23

3 most common bugs in meningitis in infants and children

Answer 23

Neisseria meningococci, Strep. pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae

Question 24

Most common bacteria in meningitis in adolescents and adults

Answer 24

N. meningococci, strep pneumonia

Question 25

Most common bacteria in meningitis in older adults

Answer 25

strep pneumonia, n. meningococci, listeria, mycobacteria

Question 26

Best for identifying viral meningitis

Answer 26

PCR

Question 27

Meningococcal meningitis is caused by

Answer 27

n. meningitidis

Question 28

HiB meningitis occurs most often in what age group?

Answer 28

Children 1month to 4 years (peak 6-9mos)

Question 29

Approx 20% of pts who recover from HiB meningitis will experience what?

Answer 29

Some degree of hearing loss

Question 30

What 2 enteroviruses account for half the cases of aseptic meningitis?

Answer 30

Coxsackie virus and echovirus

Question 31

Most common meningitis in people with compromised immune systems

Answer 31

Cryptococcal meningitis

Question 32

CSF with circular yeast bodies

Answer 32

Cryptococcal meningitis

Question 33

… viruses are predominantly noted in the spring and summer while … are more common in late summer

Answer 33

arboviruses; enteroviruses

Question 34

What 2 viral infxns are prevalent in the spring?

Answer 34

Mumps and varicella

Question 35

Most common cause of viral encephalitis in children

Answer 35

enteroviruses

Question 36

account for 80% of adult viral encephalitis in adults

Answer 36

enteroviruses

Question 37

Second most common type of viral encephalitis in adults

Answer 37

HSV type 2

Question 38

2 most common viruses with enterovirus meningitis

Answer 38

Coxsackie B and echovirus

Question 39

Most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in developed countries

Answer 39

HSV-2

Question 40

HSV-1 is more common in what population?

Answer 40

infants

Question 41

Encephalitis due to HSV characteristically involves what part of the brain?

Answer 41

temporal lobes