CNS Organization Flashcards
ANS monitors? integration of 4 things?
monitors internal environment. integration of cognition, emotions, memory + learning
9 autonomic centers
nucleus of the solitary tract. nucleus ambiguus. locus coeruleus (A5 NA). ventrolateral medulla. rostral ventrolateral medulla. caudal raphe nuclei. PAG. hypothalmic nuclei. parabrachial region
what 5 centers are labeled by retrograde transport of pseudorabies virus injection into autonomic ganglia?
PVN (hypothal). caudal raphe nuclei. rostral ventrolateral medulla. ventromedial medulla. A5 noradregergic cell group aka locus coeruleus
baroreceptor reflex: what happens if BP increases? decreases?
increased BP = decreased HR, vasodilation. decreased BP = increased HR, vasoconstriction
high blood pressure: carotid sensors? symp/parasymp response?
high blood pressure = increased firing of carotid sinus stretch receptors = reduced sympathetic outflow, increased parasympathetic outflow
baroreceptor afferents: what type of input to where?
glutamatergic monosynaptic excitatory input to NTS neurons
barosensitive NTS neurons initiate 2 pathways? regulation?
sympathoinhibitory pathway: controls total peripheral resistance. cardioinhibitory pathway: elicits rapid changes in heart rate. these two pathways are independently regulated.
baroreflex: sympathoinhibitoy pathway: what 5 neurons?
baroreceptor afferents onto NTS neurons onto CVLM neurons onto RVLM neurons onto IML neurons.
CVLM? RVLM? IML?
caudal ventrolateral medulla. rostral ventrolateral medulla. intermediolateral nucleus (autonomic motor ganglia)
baroreflex sympathoinhibitory pathway: baroreceptor afferent to NTS neuron?
baroreceptor afferent: releases glutamate to excit NTS neuron.
baroreflex sympathoinhibitory pathway: NTS neuron projects to? with what?
NTS neurons project to CVLM, release glutamate to excite them.
baroreflex sympathoinhibitory pathway:CVLM neurons: project where? release what?
inhibitory, GABAergic interneurons: project and inhibit RVLM neurons
baroreflex sympathoinhibitory pathway: RVLM neurons: project where? with what?
RVLM: direct excitatory glutamatergic projection to preganglionic neurons of intermediolateral cell column
baroreflex sympathoinhibitory pathway: effect? critical for maintenance?
sympathetic vasoconstrictor output to muscle, mesenteric and renal blood vessels. critical for tonic maintenance + reflex control of BP
if BP falls: what happens in the baroreflex sympathoinhibitory pathway?
less baroreceptor afferent signals = less NTS activity = less CVLM activity = less inhibition of RVLM = increased sympathetic outflow
baroreflex cardioinhibitory pathway: 3 components and types of projections
baroreceptor afferents release glutamate to excite NTS neurons. release glutamate to excite vagal preganglionic neurons in nucleus ambiguus.
when blood pressure falls: what happens in baroreflex cardioinhibitory pathway?
drive to circuit is removed = less NTS/nucleus amgiuus neuron activity = parasympathetic drive to heart is withdrawn
baroreflex via NTS
AVP aka ADH (vasopressin) by magnocellular neurons of the SON + PVN of hypothalamus
baroreceptor modulation: by exercise?
inputs from muscle afferents/central command located in posterior hypothalamus reset baroreflex during exercise, via GABAergic neurons in NTS
baroreceptor modulation: stress + pain?
projection from periaqueductal gray matter to the NTS reset baroreflex during responses to stress and pain, mediated via local GABAergic neurons in the NTS
chemoreceptors: detect? (2) what type of outflow?
detect low pH and hypercapnia, strong stimulus to increase sympathetic outflow via baroreceptor reflex
