CNS introduction Flashcards
The non-neuronal cells are called?.
Glial cells.
Who am I?
A working unit of the CNS
Asymmetric polarized cell
Have different shapes and sizes each for specialized uses
Work to receive and transmit the information
Neurons
What are the Glial cells ?Four?
1/Microglia. 2/Astrocytes 3/Oligodendrocytes 4/Ependymal cells. MAOE
Glial cells have supportive role only in its function
True OR False?.
False both-in it’s function and it’s structure
Which of the GLIAL cells work as a defensive mechanism and phagocytes cell of the brain?
Microglia.
If the brain getting excessive activation which of the GLIAL cells will cause the inflammation?
Microglia.
Which of the GLIAL cells is about 10 presence in 1 neuron and help in transferring signals,nutrients and local blood flow??
Astrocytes
Which of the GLIAL cells is present in the myelin sheath and allow the rapid electrical conduction?
Oligodenedrocytes
Which of the GLIAL cells lines the cerebral ventricles and producing or manufacturing the CSF??
Ependymal cells
The CNS consists of 3 systems.
What are they??
Motor
Sensory
Limbic
Which on the CNS systems is transmit the feelings and vision??
Sensory
Motor
Limbic
Sensory because the feelings and sight(vision) is sensory information
What are the sensory receptors??
Retinal cell
Cochlear hair cell
Which of the CNS systems is unconscious:
Sensory
Limbic
Motor
Sensory
The NT of the motor system is involved in the recall activating system
T or F??
False because the SENSORY system NT Is involved in reticular activating system.
The Reticular activating system has neuronal circuits that bind the brainstem with the cortex
T or F?.
T
Which of the CNS system is responsible of the movement?
Sensory
Motor
Limbic
Motor
The voluntary action start in which part of the brain?
Motor cortex part
What are the motor cortex system described by??
Pyramidal tract which is the direct activation pathway needs the full control of the brain like doing the thing in the first time such writing in 7 years old child.
Extrapyramidal tract which is indirect activation pathway
The motor cortex part of the brain does the involuntary actions:
True or False?
False
The voluntary actions
Which one is the MAJOR pathway in the central nervous system? Pyramidal pathway Extrapyramidal pathway Indirect activation pathway None of the above All of the above
Pyramidal pathway
Limbic system influencing which other system in the body?
Endocrine system
Autonomic nervous system
Which system of the CNS is responsible of controlling the MOOD AND EMOTIN?
Sensory
Motor
Limbic
Limbic which may lead to depression or mania
In emotion leads to sadness,fear,anger and disgust
The limbic sets of CNS is organized by what?
1/Hippocampus
2/Amygdala
3/Olfactory cortex
There are many types of chemical messengers?
Neurotransmitters
Neroumodulators
Neuotrophins
Neurohormones
What are the agents that act in both of ligand-gated channels and G-protein coupled receptor ,too and work as both neurotransmitter and neuromodulators??
1/Glutamate
2/5-Hydroxytryptamine
3/Acetylcholine
What are the chemical messengers that produced by both the glial cells and the neurons?
1/Glutamate
2/Nitric oxide
3/Archidonic acid metabolites
The prostaglandins and thrmboxanes and leukotriens are produced by both the neurons and glial cells
T or F??
True because they are arachidonic acid metabolites which are already produced by both neurons and glial cells
What are the mediators that are changing the brain in long-term ?
Cytokines
Chemokine
Growth factors
Steroids
The steroid control the brain in long-term by affecting:
Translation gene
Transcription gene
Replication gene
Transcription gene
The growth factors control the remodeling and synaptic plasticity of the brain
True or False?
True
Which of the chemical messengers is released only from the neuron: Neurotransmitter Neuromodulators Neurotrophins Neurohormones
NT
The NEUROMODULATORS CAN BE RELEASED ONLY BY GLIAL CELLS LIKE ASTROCYTES:
T OR F?
False, it can be released by neurons,too
The NT pre$postsynaptic response is slow while the NM pre-postynaptic is rapid:
T or F?
False
NT:rapid because of short distance
NM:slow because it can be produced by glial cells which may take long or short term fo the effects.
Which of the following chemical messengers is responsible of facilitating the the action potential and sending the information which can increase or decrease the number of NT ? NT NM NTROPHINS NH
NM
A chemical messenger it’s action is more diffuse is NT
T or F?
False because the diffuse action is present in the properties of NM
Neuropeptides and nitric oxide are examples of which chemical messengers?
NM
Neurotrophins mainly released by glial cells
T or F?
True
Which of the chemical messengers affect the growth and survival and having the BDNF: NT NM NTROPHINS NH
Neurotrophins
Neurotrophins act on which one of these:
1/ligand-gated channel
2/G-protein coupled receptor
3/Tyrosine kinase linked receptor
3/ Tyrosine kinase linked receptor
While the glutamate,5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine all act at both 1and2 and both NT and NM
The. Euro hormones secreted hormones in blood stream only:
T or F?
False
into the
bloodstream, the cerebrospinal fluid, or the intercellular spaces
of the nervous system.
These are regulated by which chemical messenger !gene expression and
control neuronal growth and phenotypic characteristics??
Neurotrophins
What are the three receptors of glutamate (ionotropic):?
1/NMDA
2/AMPA
3/KAINATE
The activation of NMDA receptor of glutamate needs only glutamate to be opened:
True or False?
False it needs both GLUTAMATE AND GLYCINE
The NMDA receptor of glutamate is blocked by MAGNESIUM at depolarized current:
T or F?
False the blockade is disappear during depolarization and appear at normal polarized physiologically
The NMDA when getting blocked by MAGNESIUM it shows ?
Voltage dependence
Overactivity of the glutamic acid will cause
:
excitotoxicity
What is the name of AMINO ACID NT that has these properties?
Plays role specifically in spinal cod,has its own receptor which similar in function and structure of the GABA-A receptor and cannot cross the BBB:
Glycine /inhibitory transmitter
The GABA is present in the brain synapses down to 40
T or F?
False it’s up to 40% of the brain synapses
GABA PRESENT IN THE BRAIN TISSUE ONLY BUT NO IN MAMMALIAN EVENTHOUGH CAN BE PRESENT FOR LOW AMOUNTS.
True or False
True
GODD SOSY🥳♥️♥️
Glutamate comes from two ?
Glucose/Kreisler cycle
2/Glutamine/glial cells
GABA IS FORMED FROM GLUTAMATE BY AN ENZYME THAT IS ONLY PRESENT IN THE GABA-SYNTHESIZING NEURONS IN THE BRAIN
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE ENZYME?
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).
What are the district two types of GABA receptors?
GABA-A(LIGANAD GATED ION CHANNEL)
GABA-B(G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR)
Receptors of acetylcholine?
1/muscairnic
2/nicotinic
A neurotransmitter that present in brain and peripheral nervous system:
Acetylcholine
Why the ACETYLCHOLINE IS MORE localized distribution?
Because the neurons that contain the acetylcholine is present in specific areas
Acetylcholine receptors act at both the G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS AND IONOTROPICS?
T or F?
True
Muscairnic/G-protein coupled receptors
Nicotinic/ligand gated ion channel
Which one of the acetylcholine receptor is mediated the main behavioral effects that associated with Ach like the learning and short-term memory?
Muscairnic receptors
Which of the dopamenergic pathways has 70% of all dopamine in brain? 1/mesolimbic pathway 2/mesocortical pathway 3/nigrostriatal pathway 4/tuberohypophyseal neurons
3/ Nigrostrtatal.
Parkinson’s disease is associated with which dopamine pathway?
Nigrostriatal because it is responsible of the motor control and has the 70% of dopamine in the whole brain.
So if the dopamine is low this tract will not work so the motor control process will be stopped and the Parkinson’s disease will be showed up
What are the receptors of norepinephrine?
Alpha adrenergic receptor
Beta adrenergic receptor
Which of the following NT is the can be both excitatory and inhibitory effects: Ach 5HT Nitric oxide NA DOPAMINE B and C
B and C
Peptide-transmitter are large molecular
T or F?
Tue and that is why they cannot be reuptaken by the storage vesicles or terminate it by the enzyme mechanisms.
The peptide transmitters are synthesized in the cell body of the neurons and transported to the nerve ending by?.?
Atonal transport.
The non-peptide neurotransmitter can be reuptaking and metabolized by the enzyme mechanisms;
True or False??
True such GABA NT
Neuro-peptide can act as NT and NM:
True or False?
True
In the CNS there is a huge amount of nitric oxide synthase enzyme that producing NO in certain classes of neurons and increase the formation of cGMP?
T OR F?.??
True
What is the transmitter that distributed in brain lipid derivatives that bind to cannabinoids receptors and when activate it will affect the memory, cognition and pain perception?
Endocannabinoids
Which of the CNS transmitter when being activated affect the pain perception?
Gasotransmitter
Endocannabinoids
Neuro-peptide transmitter
Endocannabinoids
What are the protein molecules that the drugs interact with?.
1/ion channel
2/receptor
3/enzyme
4/transport protein
The membranes of nerve cells contain two types of ion channels controlling their gating (opening and closing):
A. voltage-gated:
B. ligand-gated channels:
Which ion channel regulated the neuronal membrane by regulating the membrane potential??
Voltage-gated ion channel
What is the ion channel that regulated by the interaction between the NT and their receptors?
Ionotropic (ligand gated ion channel)
What are the ways of the metabotrobic do to NT?
1/direct action of G-protein ion channel
2/G-protein enzyme activation lead to form a diffusible second messenger
Sodium ,calcium and potassium included to which ion channel type?
Voltage gated ion channel
