Anti-epileptic Flashcards
What are the phases of tonic-clonic generalized seizure?
1/ Flexion phase
2/Extension phase
3/Tremor phase
4/clinic phase.
Mouth held partly open, upward eye movement, involvement the extremities and being unconscious.
This describe which phase of the TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE:
Extension
Flexion
Clonic
Tremor
Flexion.
Having tremors or shaking describe which phase of the TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE: Flexion Extension Clonic Tremor
Tremor.
Extended back and neck and being apneic(cannot breathe),having contraction in the thoracic and abdominal muscle, this describe which phase of TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE: Flexion Extension Clonic Tremor
Extension.
Having rhythmic jerks describe which phase of TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES: EXTENSION FLEXION CLONIC TREMOR
Clonic.
Being APNEIC describe which phase of of the TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE:
Extension
What is the situation the patient being on after the seizure?
Postictal.
Classification of epileptic seizures are?
1/ focal/particular seizure
2/Generalized seizure.
3/status epilepticus.
What is the name of the seizure class that lasts more that 20 minutes and the patient does not regain her/his consciousness between the two episodes of seizure where it’s life-threatening and needed an immediate medical treatment called what?.
STATUS EPILEPTICUS.
Plasma clearance of the anti-seizure drugs is relatively low T OR F??
T because the are mainly cleared by the the hepatic metabolism.
A prodrug when it is getting metabolized it becomes similar in actions to CARBAMAZEPINE but it has less induce metabolizing enzymes on other drugs , what is the name of the drug??
OXCARBAZEPINE
The CARBAMAZEPINE IS THE DRUG IF CHOICE TO TREAT BOTH THE PARTIAL SEIZURE AND GENERALIZED TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE UNTIL NOW ,T OR F?
F,Because the newer agents displace it from this role.
What are the non-epileptic indications or use of CARBAMAZEPINE??
1/Trigeminal neurolagaia
2/Neuropathic pain
3/Bipolar depression
4/Manic-depressive illness.
Phenytoin is effective against many forms of partial seizure and generalized seizure also the Absence seizure T OR F?
F it int against absence seizure.
That drug is owned because of side effects and unpredictable pharmacokinetics behaviors it’s usage is declining,what is the drug?
Phenytoin because it’s kinetics are that it nonlinear kinetic which needs monitoring usually and Alison Narrow therapeutic index which means it reaches the toxicity faster.
Phenytoin is excreted directly to the urine after it metabolized in the liver T OR F?
F because phenytoin is first excreted in the bile then in the urine.
Which of the following drugs that inhabit the metabolism of PHENYTOIN? CIMETIDINE ISONIAZID A AND B RIFAMPIN
Both A AND B
Which of the following drugs induce the metabolism of PHENYTOIN? PHENOBARBITAL CIMETIDINE ISONIAZID NONE OF THE ABOVE
PHENOBARBITAL AND ALSO RIFAMPIN
PHENYTOIN induces the hepatic metabolism by enhancing CYP450 and decreasing the effects of other drugs what are these affected drugs?.
CARBAMAZEPINE
CLONAZEPINE
LAMOTRIGINE
BECAUSE ALL ARE METABOLIZED BY THIS ENZYMES SO THEIR METABOLITES WILL BE PRODUCED AND THE MAIN DRUG IS GONE AND THERE WILL BE NO EFFECTS.
SUCRALFATE makes a surface in the gastric so reducing the absorption of which drug?? CARBAMAZEPINE PHENYTOIN LAMOTRIGINE CIMETIDINE
Phenytoin
T OR F
If giving the carbamazepine and phenytoin together their effects will be reduced !
True because they both enhance the CYP450 and already metabolized by Tipton and gives their metabolites so no more effects are present.
An epileptic that is able to treat the ABSCNCE SEIZURE: PHENYTOIN VALPROIC ACID CARBAMAZEPINE CIMETIDINE
Vlaproic acid
Non-epileptic indications of VALPROIC ACID?
1/Manic episodes
2/Bipolar disorders
3/prophylaxis of migraine headache
Which of these inhibit the metabolism of phenobarbital and increase its level in blood?
VALPROIC ACID
T OR F
VALPROATE AND CARBAMAZEPINE INDUCE EACH OTHER METABOLISM??
T
Which of these drugs replaces the phenytoin form protein binding site and causes phenytoin toxicity: CARBAMAZEPINE PHENOBARBITAL VALPROIC ACID LAMOTRIGINE
VALPROIC ACID
Is these differences between PHENYTOIN and VALPROIC ACID IS TRUE DEPENDING ON THEIR SIDE EFFECTS??
VALPROIC ACID PRODUCING ALOPECIA AND PANCREATITIS
WHILE
PHENYTOIN PRODUCING HIRSITUM AND HEPATITIS
True
GOOD JOB SOSO❤️❤️❤️❤️
Which of the following not an adverse effect of VALPROIC ACID??
1/POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE
2/ MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITIES
3/SPINA BIFIDA
4/MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA (NEEDS FOLIC ACID)
5/WEIGHT GAIN
4/ MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA WHICH IS AN ADVERSE EFFECT OF PHENYTOIN
Which of the following not an adverse effects of CARBAMAZEPINE?? Anemia Aplastic anemia Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Alopecial
ALOPECIA which is an adverse effect of VALPROIC ACID
Which of the following is not an adverse effect of THE ETHOSUXIMIDE: GASTRIC DISTRESS EUPHORIA SKIN RASHES HICCUPS THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Thrombocytopenia which CARBAMAZEPINE
Which of the following are /is the drug of choice of ABSENCE SEIZURE: VALPROIC ACID ETHOSUXIMIDE LAMOTRIGINE A AND B only All of the above
All of the above
Which of these drug has no protein binding interaction?.
Phenytoin
Valproic acid
Ethosuximide
ETHOSUXIMIDE
What are the actions of ETHOSUXIMIDE in high concentration??
1/sodium/potassium ATPase inhibitor
2/potentate GABA
3/depresses the cerebral metabolic rate
When the PRIMIDONE getting metabolized being converted to which anti-epileptic drugs?. Phenytoin Phenobarbital Carbamazepine Ethosuximide
Phenobarbital
Why phenytoin is preferred than phenobarbital?
Because the phenobarbital has same effects as phenytoin but phenytoin is free from SEDATIVE EFFECT.
To make the PHENOBARBITAL eliminated in urine faster just make the urine ACIDIC
TRUE OR FALSE?.
False because the phenobarbital is a weak acid which make prefer an alkaline media so the urine should alkaline.
True or false:
Benzodiazepines drugs can be used as maintenance therapy?
False benzodiazepines cannot be used as maintenance therapy because of abuse and dependence effects that appear on patient.
Lorazepam has two mechanism of actions which are:
1/inhibit calcium channel type T
2/enhancing the GABA A receptor
True or False???.
False , the clonazepam does
Which of these druhpgs is restricted to resistant patients with the other anti-epileptic drugs: Carbamazepine Phenytoin Phenobarbital Vigabatrin Valproate
Vigabatrin
The VUGABATRIN iduces which subtype of CYP450?. CYP2D6 CYP2C6 CYP2C9 CYP2C19
CYP2C9
Which of the following is the adverse effect of VIGABATRIN :
NYSTGMUS
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
IRREVERSIBLE PERIPHERAL VISUAL FEILD DEFECT
ALOPECIA
Irreversible peripheral visual field defects
Which of the following drugs it’s recommended use is limited to the intractable or hard epilepsy such the LENNOX GAUSTAT SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: VIGABATRIN LAMOTRIGINE FELBAMATE GABAPENTIN
FELBAMATE
FELBAMATE enhances the plasma concentration of other anti-epileptic drugs that taking concomitantly
T OR F???
True
Which of the anti-epileptic drugs adverse effect is elevating the the liver enzymes: Phenytoin Phenobarbital Carbamazepine Valproate
Valproate
Which one of the anti epilepsy drugs is used to treat acute seizure especially in children: Carbamazepine Phenytoin Benzodiazepines Valproate
Benzodiazepines
Good job sosy🥳🥳🥳🥳🥳
In status epilepticus the drug used mainly intravenously what are they? Valproate Carbamazepine Phenytoin Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines which are diazepam, lorazepam and clonazepam and diazepam used rectally,too
Fast sodium channel blocker describe which anti-epileptic drug? Carbamazepine Zonisamide Rufinamide Phenobarbital Valproate
Carbamazepine and zonisamide and rufinamide
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release
An adverse effect of which anti epileptic drug:
Valproate
Phenytoin
Phenobarbital
Carbamazepine
Carbamazepine
Which of the anti epileptic drugs should be avoided with patients who have sulfa sensitive? Carbamazepine Vigabatrin Pregablin Zonisamide
Zonisamide
Which of the anti epileptic drugs is sulfanilamide compound? Lamotrigine Topiramate Perampanel Zonisamide
Zonisamide
Partly excreted unchanged in urine and partly excreted as glucronide metabolites: Lamotrigine Topiramate Perampanel Zonisamide
Zonisamide
licensed for use as an adjunct treatment of partial and generalised seizures but may be effective as a monotherapy: Zonisamide Vigabatrin GABAPENTIN Pregablin
Zonisamide
Which of the anti epileptic drugs have these adverse effects:
appetite and cause weight loss, Depression, rash, psychomotor slowing, paresthesias, kidney stones (weak carbonic anhydrase inhibitor).
Vigabatrin
Zonisamide
Phenytoin
Gabapentin
Zonisamide
low plasma protein binding and is not metabolized by CYP enzymes describe which antiepleptics: Rufinamide Zonisamide Phenytoin Vigabatrin
Rufinamide
licensed for treating Lennox–Gastaut syndrome what is it? Rufinamide Ropinirole Phenytoin Zonisamide
Rufinamide
should not be used in patients with familial short QT syndrome what is it? Rufinamide Zonisamide Vigabatrin GABAPENTIN
Rufinamide because it shortens the QT interval
refractory partial seizures?
Perampanel and topieamate
weight gain, and loss of motor coordination. There is a risk of serious psychiatric problems (violent, homicidal, thoughts and threatening behaviour?
Perampanel
metabolized by CYP 3A4 and 3A5?
Perampanel.
Noncompetitive antagonist of the AMPA glutamate receptor?
Perampanel
