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Block 8 Week 2 > CNS Infections, HIV/AIDS, CNS Tumors, Psychiatric Sxs of Tumors & Infections, Surfboard Repair, etc.-Rothrock > Flashcards

CNS Infections, HIV/AIDS, CNS Tumors, Psychiatric Sxs of Tumors & Infections, Surfboard Repair, etc.-Rothrock Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major Primary CNS tumors?

A
  • astrocytomas
  • oligodendrogliomas
  • ependymomas
  • meningiomas (sort of)
  • others (pituitary adenomas, chordomas, craniopharyngiomas, pinealomas)
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2
Q

What is the most common way to get metastatic brain tumors?

A

Lung (50%)
Breast (15%)
Melanoma (10%)
GI, gynecologic, urologic (10%)

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3
Q

Are mets to the brain typically unifocal or multifocial?

A

multifocal (75%)

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4
Q

Lung, melanoma, and tumors of unidentified origin are typically (blank) metastases

A

multiple

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5
Q

What lobes of the brain are most commonly involved with metastases?

A

frontal and parietal

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6
Q

What are the cranial nerve tumors?

A
  • acoustic “neuroma” (schwannoma)

- optic nerve glioma

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7
Q

What are the spinal nerve tumors?

A
  • extradural (metastatic)
  • intradural/extramedullary (meningioma)
  • intramedullary (astrocytoma, ependymoma)
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8
Q

What is the hallmark of extradural mets?

A

PAIN!!

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of intramedullary tumors?

A

astrocytoma and ependymoma

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10
Q

What is the intradural/extramedullary tumor?

A

meningioma

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11
Q

What is the meningeal tumor?

A

carcinomatous meningitis

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12
Q

What are the five types of CNS infections?

A
  • meningitis
  • encephalitis
  • meningoencephalitis
  • abscess> brain versus spinal canal
  • HIV
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13
Q

What are the subtypes of infectious meningitis?

What microorganism causes each of these?

A

acute> bacterial, viral
subacute> tuberculous
chronic> fungal (cryptococcus, coccidiomycosis)

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14
Q 
If you check a meningitis patient's CSF and this is what you find:
glucose low (even zero), protein high (up to a gram or more), WBCs (polys) 100s to 1,000s/cubic mm

What caused their meningitis?

A

bacteria

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15
Q

If you check a meningitis patient’s CSF and this is what you find:

glucose normal (nl >50 mg/dl), protein ~75-250, WBCs (lymphs) ~50-500

What caused their meningitis?

A

Viral

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16
Q

If you check a meningitis patient’s CSF and this is what you find:

glucose low(~10-40), protein high (~ 100-300), WBCs (polys/lymphs) ~100-500

What caused their meningitis?

A

tuberculous

17
Q

If you check a meningitis patient’s CSF and this is what you find:

glucose low (~20-40), protein high (~50-150), WBCs (lymphs) ~25-100

A

fungal

18
Q

Encephalitis it typically caused by (blank)

A

viruses

19
Q

If you have a sporadic episode of encephalitis what caused it?

A

HSV1

20
Q

If you see an epidemic of encephalitis, what caused it?

A

AN INSECT!!!!! (ARBOVIRUS)

21
Q

What does the patients CSF look like in encephalitis?

A

glucose: low normal or normal
Protein: modestly elevated
WBCs (lymphs) 10-100S

22
Q

What causes brain abscesses?

What about in AIDS patients?

A

mixed bacterial flora

-Protozoan toxoplasma gondii

23
Q

How do you treat brain abscesses?

A

antibiotics or surgery

24
Q

What causes spinal abscesses?

A

staph aureus

25
Q

If you are giving an epidural and it is SUPER painful, what is the cause?

A

spinal abscess

26
Q

A spinal abscess is a (blank) emergency

A

neurosurgical

27
Q

What is the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis?

A
  • oocyts become tachyzoites after ingestion
  • tachyzoites go to neural tisse and muscle tissue and become bradyzoites
  • can infect fetuses
28
Q

What does HIV/AIDs do to your brain?

A

HIV-associated dementia/encephalopathy

HIV myelopathy

29
Q

What are the opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDs that can mess with your nervous system?

A
  • syphilitic meningitis
  • cryptococcal meningitis
  • toxo abscess
  • CMV myelitis
  • progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML)> JC virus
30
Q

A 34 year old guy comes in, he had hallucinations, and smells stuff, and has seizures.. .whats up?

A

his temporal lobe is screwy cuz of a glioblastoma

31
Q

A 82 year old female begins to act impulsively, she is loquacious and animated historian. Her neuro exam is unremarkable, memory normal. What does she have?

A

bifrontal dumbell meningioma

32
Q

A 38 year old female psychologist complains of nagging headache. He develops low grade fever. He is experiencing seizures. He is stuporous, arousing to noxious stimuli only. Abnormal right temporal lobe. What does he have?
How do you treat it?

A

HSV

acyclovir

Block 8 Week 2 (8 decks)

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