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Block 8 Week 2 > Bacterial neurotoxins: tetanus and botulism -Koze > Flashcards

Bacterial neurotoxins: tetanus and botulism -Koze Flashcards

1
Q

Is colistridium spp. gram negative or postive?
Is it a rod or a cocci?
Non spore forming or spore forming?
Where is it ubiquitous?
Is it a normal part of the flora or is it abnormal?
What do they produce?

A 
gram positive
rod
spore forming
water, soil, sewage
normal
TOXINS
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2
Q

What is the pathogenesis of C. tetani?

A

Release AB toxin-> retrograde axonal transport to CNS-> cleaved by bacterial protease toe light A and heavy B chains-> B chain binds to ganglioside (sialic acid) receptors and you have A chain.

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3
Q

What is the A chain of C. tetani and what does it do?

A

it is an endopeptidase that inhibits the release of GABA resulting in spastic paralysis (strong muscle contractions)

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4
Q

If you are unable to regulate GABA as is the case with C. tetani, what does this mean about synaptic activity?

A

its unregulated

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5
Q

Is C. tetani difficult to grow?

A

yes

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6
Q

In tetanus, a wound is contaminated by (blank); germination is favored by ….?

A

spores

necrotic tissue and a poor blood supply

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7
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of generalized tetanus?

A
  • systemic effects from local site
  • Risus sardonicus (lockjaw) is most common form
  • ANS effects for advanced disease
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8
Q

What is localized tetanus?

A

effects at musculature at site of infection

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9
Q

What is neonatal tetanus?

A

system effects from infection of umbilical stump

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10
Q

How do you diagnose tetanus?

A

clincal diagnosis and history of injury

*NOTE: Most cultures are negative **

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11
Q

Where do you find tetanus?

A

In soil!!!! and in GI tract of man and animals

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12
Q

What is the vaccine for tetanus ?

A

toxoid of tetanus toxin

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13
Q

How do you treat tetanus?

A
  • eliminate source of toxin
  • antitoxin to neutralize free toxin
  • symptomatic care until synaptic function recovers
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14
Q

How do you eliminate the tetanus toxin?

A

-debridement of wound
-metronidazole
(Tet needs Met)

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15
Q

How do you give symptomatic care for tetanus?

A
  • respiratory support

- benzodiazepines (valium) to prevent spasms

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16
Q

What is the pathogenesis of the botulisim toxin?

A

A-B toxin is made (a is light chain and B is heavy chain) and is absorbed in gut and carried to blood stream to peripheral nerve synapses-> B chain binds to sialic acid receptors on motor neurons-> A chain remains solo and is dangerous

17
Q

What is the A chain of the botulinim toxin? Where does it get released? What does it do?

A

it is a protease that inactivates the release of acetylcholine

18
Q

What is botox?

A

serotype A botulinum toxin

19
Q

What are the two types of botulism?

A
  • foodborne botulism

- infant botulism

20
Q

How do you get foodborne botulism and what are the signs of it? How do you die from it?

A
  • follows ingestion of preformed toxin in contaminated food
  • weakness, dizziness, weakness of peripheral muscles (flaccid paralysis),
  • death due to respiratory paralysis
21
Q

How do you get infant botulism and how does it survive?

A

in vivo colonization of GI tract of infants
-can survive in GI tract of infants because their GI tracts have limited colonization of normal flora so botulism can compete :)

22
Q

How can you diagnose botulism?

A
  • demonstrat toxin in food or patient serum or feces

- can isolate bacterium (rarely done)

23
Q

C. botulinim is common in (blank and blank)

A

soil and water

24
Q

Infant botulism is associated with consumption of contaminated (blank). You should avoid honey in children less than (blank) years old

A

honey

1

25
Q

Botulism is rare in the (blank) but the most common form of botulism is (blank) botulism

A

US

infant

26
Q

How do you prevent botulism?

A

boil food for 20 mins to inactivate toxin

27
Q

How can you make botulism a bioweapon?

A

aerosilize it

28
Q

How can you treat botulism?

A

respiratory support

-antitoin to neutralize free toxin

29
Q

What is the effect of the botulism toxin and what is the mechanism behind it?

A
  • neurotoxin, flaccid paralysis

- blocks neurotransmission by inhibiting release of acetylcholine

30
Q

What is the effect of the tetanus toxin and what is the mechanism behind it?

A
  • neurotoxin, spastic paralysis

- inhibits GABA and gycine release from nerve terminals

Block 8 Week 2 (8 decks)

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