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Matt's Microbiology > CNS Infections > Flashcards

CNS Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the main cause of encephalitis?

A

Mainly viruses

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2
Q

What determines which group of pathogens infects the patient?

A
  • age
  • immunological competence
  • season
  • surgery/trauma
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3
Q

What are the most important diagnostic tests for CSF?

A
  • micro-organisms
  • leucocytes
  • protein
  • glucose
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4
Q

What does bacterial meningitis present in CSF tests?

A
  • high polymorphs
  • low glucose
  • cloudy
  • proteins
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5
Q

What causes meningococcal meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitidis (gram -ve dipplococcus)

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6
Q

What age group usually gets meningococcal meningitis?

A

Young children

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of meningococcal meningitis?

A
  • headache
  • photophobia
  • neck stiffness
  • haemorrhagic skin rash/petechiae
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8
Q

What causes haemophilus meningitis?

A

Haemophilus influenza (gram -ve coccobacillus)

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9
Q

What age group usually gets haemophilus meningitis?

A

Young children

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10
Q

What causes pneumococcal meningitis?

A

Strep. pneumoniae (gram +ve cocci)

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11
Q

What age group usually gets pneumococcal meningitis?

A

young children and old

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12
Q

What causes Listeria monocytogenes meningitis?

A

Listeria monocytogenes (who knew?) which is gram +ve coccobacillus

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13
Q

What group of patients are susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes meningitis?

A

Immunocompromised

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14
Q

What are the main causes of neonatal meningitis?

A
  • E. coli

- Group B strep

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15
Q

What is more common viral or bacterial meningitis?

A

Viral

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16
Q

What does viral meningitis look like on CSF?

A

Clear

17
Q

Is viral meningitis serious?

A

Not usually as its self limiting

18
Q

What is the main cause of viral encephalitis?

A

HSV

19
Q

What are the symptoms of viral encephalitis?

A 
Abnormal behaviour 
Seizures
Altered consciousness Vomiting
Fever
Nausea
20
Q

How can you prevent haemophilus meningitis?

A

HiB conjugated vaccine

21
Q

How do you treat haemophilus meningitis?

A

Ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin)

22
Q

How can you prevent meningococcal meningitis?

A

Meningococcal C conjugated

23
Q

How do you treat meningococcal meningitis?

A

Ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin)

24
Q

How can you prevent pneumococcal meningitis?

A

13 valent conjugate vaccine in kids (reduced antigen load)

25
Q

How do you treat pneumococcal meningitis?

A
  • Ceftriaxone (3rd gen cephalosporin)

- Vancomycin to cover resistant bacteria

26
Q

How can you contract Group B strep?

A

prolonged labour as this pathogen is present in the vaginal canal

27
Q

How do you treat Group B strep?

A

Ampicllin and vancomycin

28
Q

What are symptoms of enterovirus meningitis?

A
  • Usual symptoms (less severe)

- possibly previous cold and fleeting rash

Matt's Microbiology (7 decks)

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