Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 3 > CNS Drugs > Flashcards

CNS Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is schizophrenia characterized by?

A

Psychosis with a marked thinking disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How common is schizo?

A

Very. Almost 1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two broad risk factors mentioned?

A

Neuregulin 1 family, and viral infections in vitro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the dopamine theory

A

Most antipsychotics block postsynaptic D2 receptors
Increasing dopamine has marked effects on schizo pts
HVA more available after successful treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain the serotonin hypothesis

A

Basically drugs that affect serotonin can treat schizo. Drugs like hallucinagens create similar effects to schizo???
Serotonin is related to the regulation of DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain the glutamate hypothesis.

A

NMDA receptor antagonists exacerbate schizo pyschosis
Serotonin antagonists are more potent than D2 antagonists in blocking the effects of NMDA antagonists
Ampakines are effective in correcting animal schizo behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three classes of typical antipsychotics?

A

Phenothiazine, thioxanthene, and butyrophenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the apophatic phenothiazine?

A

Chlorpromazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the piperidine phenothiazines?

A

Thioridazine and mesoridazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the pros and cons to using piperidine phenothiazines as opposed to aliphatics?

A

Much less EPS and sedative, but sever weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the piperazine phenothiazines?

A

Fluphenazine, perphenazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the the pros and cons to piperazine phenothiazines?

A

Potent and selective (LEAST SEDATIVE/HYPOTENSIVE, BUT SEVERE EPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the aliphatic and piperzine thioxanthenes?

A

Chlorprothixene

Thiothixene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the one butyrophenone?

A

Haldol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the pros/cons of haldol?

A

More potent with fewer autonomic effects, but more EPS effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the MOA of antisphycotics?

A

Suppression of conditioned responses, increased DA activity in mesolimbic/mesocortical areas, blockage of DA and serotonin receptors

17
Q

What receptor category is Dopamine receptors?

A

GCPR’s

18
Q

Which D receptor in excitatory and which is inhibitory?

A

D1-exitatory

D2-Inhibitory

19
Q

What are the side effects of antisphycotics?

A

Depression, sedation (aliphatics most potent)
Decrease of seizure threshold
Antiemetic
EPS symptoms
Tarditive dyskinesia- Late appearing neurological syndrome

20
Q

What are extrapyramidal symptoms?

A

Parkinsons syndrome-drug induced
Akathisia- Discomfort, leading to constant movement
Acute dystonia, torticollis (turning head side to side)
Catatonia, hyperthermia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

21
Q

What is tardative dyskinesia?

A

Supersensitity of the DA receptor in the basal ganglia causing a relative cholinergic deficiency

Uncontrolled movements

22
Q

How do you decrease the side effects of TD?

A

Alter drugs, either decrease of change all together

23
Q

What are the peripheral side effects of antipsychotics?

A 
Hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea
Altered body temp, poikilothermia
Alpha-adrenergic blockade-hypotension
Anticholinergic actions
Hypersensitivity reactions
Weight gain
24
Q

What is important to remember when it comes to the metabolism of typical antipsychotics?

A

Significant first-pass metabolism

25
Q

What are things to avoid with typical antipsychotics?

A

CNS depressents
Dopamine agonists- LEVODOPA
CYP450 inhibitors- KETOCONAZOLE
With digitalis: ZIPRASIDONE

26
Q

Do typical antipsychotics have a high or low therapeutic index? Meaning what?

A

Very high, so its very safe

27
Q

What are the six new antipsychotic drugs?

A

Clozapine, olanzapine, loxapine, risperidone, quetapine, arpiprazole

28
Q

What is the most important side effect to remember for clozapine?

A

Fatal agranulocytosis, so monitor WBC weekly for first 6 months, then every 4 weeks after

29
Q

Which new antipsychotic drug is the most tolerable?

A

Olanzapine

30
Q

Can you give olanzapine to old people with dementia?

A

No

31
Q

How does risperidone relate to clozapine?

A

Similar, but more potent DA antagonism than clozapine

32
Q

How does quetiapine relate to risperidone?

A

Similar to risperidone, weak anticholinergic effects

33
Q

What new antipsychotic is the most prescribed by total dollar?

A

Aripiprazole

34
Q

What are three key points to remember when prescribing antipsychotics?

A

Adverse effects
Efficacy
Pt past response

Pharm 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions