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Semester 5 FSNM Exam 5 > CNS Blood Supply Lecture > Flashcards

CNS Blood Supply Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Blood carries

A

O2 and glucose

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2
Q

T or F: Brain cells have no energy stores of their own

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Brain consumes what percentage of the total energy generated in the body

A

15 to 20%

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4
Q

Brain is vulnerable to an energy crisis! Can be from what

A

Hypoxia (altitude, CO poisoning)
Hypoglycemia
Severe anemia
Drop in cerebral perfusion

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5
Q

Drop in cerebral perfusion can lead to

A

Global ischemia - cardiac arrest, shock, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Local ischemia

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6
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate blood supply = reduced perfusion

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7
Q

HIE - Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy - Preterm/Premature infants

A

Organs (still developing) can’t deliver enough O2 to brain

20% of babies born before 6.5 months gestational age

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8
Q

HIE - Term infants

A

Placenta abruption, umbilical cord problems, clotting of placental arteries

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9
Q

HIE - Death

A

learning and/or cognitive deficits

Cooling

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10
Q

Local ischemia - problem

A

lead to anoxia - lack of O2, lack of glucose
Temporary TIA
Prolonged can get neuronal death and then infarction

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11
Q

Causes of local ischemia

A

Occlusive (Thrombus, Embolus)

Hemorrhage (can occur at surface of brain or inside the brain matter)

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12
Q

Anterior brain blood supply - anterior circulation

A

Internal carotid artery

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13
Q

Posterior brain blood supply - posterior circulation

A

Vertebral artery

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14
Q

Anterior circulation -

A

Common carotid

Internal carotid/External carotid (face and neck)

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15
Q

Anterior circulation - internal carotid

A

Carotid foramen, penetrates the dura
Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral
BOTH have cortical branches and deep penetrating branches - GRAY AND WHITE matter

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16
Q

Anterior circulation/Internal Carotid - ACA Gray and white matter of what

A

Inferior frontal lobe
Medial surface of frontal/parietal
Anterior corpus callosum

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17
Q

Anterior circulation/Internal Carotid - MCA Gray and white matter of what

A

Hemispheric convexity
Lateral portions of frontal, parietal, temporal, some occipital
PL of internal capsule
BG

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18
Q

Posterior circulation - Vertebrobasilar

A

Subclavian artery

Vertebral arter

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19
Q

Posterior circulation - Vertebrobasilar - Vertebral artery give off

A

Anterior spinal artery

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

20
Q

Posterior circulation - Vertebrobasilar - 2 vertebral arteries join at junction of pons/medulla and form

A

BASILAR

21
Q

Posterior circulation - Vertebrobasilar - Basilar gives off

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar
Superior cerebellar
Supply brainstem, cbm, vital brainstem functions

22
Q

Basilar bifurcates into

A

2 posterior cerebral arteries

23
Q

Posterior circulation - PCA supplies

A

inferior temporal
medial occipital
posterior part of corpus callosum
Deep branches supply thalamus, cerebral peduncle

24
Q

PCA impacts

A

contralateral hemiparesis
inf temporal lobe - hippocampus (memory)
thalamus - thalamic syndrome - characterized by pain, hemisensory and motor loss

25
Q

ACA - somatosensory

A

loss of sensation of LE

26
Q

ACA - Motor

A

Apraxia
Hemiplegia (usually LE)
Impaired gait

27
Q

ACA - special sense, autonomic

A

No change

28
Q

ACA - emotions and bx

A 
Flat affect
Impulsiveness
Perseveration
Confusion
Motor inactivity
29
Q

ACA - Cognition, language, memory

A

Difficulty with divergent thinking

30
Q

ACA - Other

A

Urinary incontinence

31
Q

MCA - Somatosensory

A

Hemianesthesia affectign face and UE

32
Q

MCA - Motor

A

Face and UE

If striate is involved, LE can be involved too

33
Q

MCA - Special sense, autonomic

A

Homonymous hemianopia

34
Q

MCA - Emotions and bx

A

If right hemisphere (left hemiplegia) - easily distracted, poor judgment, impulsive
If left hemisphere - apraxia, compulsiveness, overly cautious

35
Q

MCA - Cognition, language, memory

A

Left MCA - aphasia
Right MCA - difficulty understanding spatial relationships, neglect, impairment of nonverbal communication, dressing apraxia, constructional apraxia

36
Q

PCA - somatosensory

A

Hemianesthesia

Slow pain is preserved

37
Q

PCA - motor

A

Hemiparesis
If lesion near origin of artery - vertical gaze palsy, oculomotor palsy, loss of medial deviation of eyes with preserved convergence , vertical skew deviation of eyes

38
Q

PCA - special sense, autonomic

A

Homonymous hemianopia, cortical blindness, hallucinations, lack of depth perception, impaired eye mvmnts, except lateral and inferomedial eye mvmnts, visual agnosia, limbs may hsow vasomotor and/or trophic abnormalities

39
Q

PCA - Emotions and bx

A

Memory loss

40
Q

PCA - cognition, language, memory

A

difficulty reading

41
Q

Basilar artery - sensory

A

Bilateral sensory loss

42
Q

Basilar artery - motor

A

Tetraplegia, abducens nerve palsy, locked in syndrome, oculomotor nerve palsy, decorticate or decerebrate rigidity, paresis or paralysis of mm of tongue, lips, palate, larynx, pharynx

43
Q

Basilar artery - special sense, autonomic

A

Vertigo, diplopia, vomit, nausea, nystagmus, hearing loss, pupil constriction

44
Q

Basilar artery - emotions and bx

A

none

45
Q

Basilar artery - cognition, language, memory

A

reduced consciousness

46
Q

Basilar artery - other

A

coma

Semester 5 FSNM Exam 5 (5 decks)

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