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Semester 5 FSNM Exam 5 > CNS Blood Supply - Ch 19 LE > Flashcards

CNS Blood Supply - Ch 19 LE Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid system composed of

A

Ventricle, meninges, CSF

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2
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

paired, extend into each lobe

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3
Q

Lateral ventricles - walls formed by

A

caudate nucleus, thalamus, and corpus callosum

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4
Q

Third ventricle

A

slit in the middle of the diencephalon

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5
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

posterior to the pons and medulla, anterior to the cbm

Continues into central canal

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6
Q

Dura mater

A

firmly bound to inside of skull and arachnoid

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7
Q

Pia mater extends into the

A

spinal cord as denticulate ligaments

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8
Q

Formation and circulation of CSF - what secretes most of CSF

A

choroid plexus

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9
Q

CSF flows from

A

Lateral ventricles to third to fourth to subarachnoid space

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10
Q

CSF is absorbed by

A

arachnoid villi and project into venous sinuses

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11
Q

Epidural and subdural hematoma - due to

A

trauma

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12
Q

Epidural hematoma progress

A

rapidly

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13
Q

Subdural hematomas progress

A

slowly

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14
Q

Hydrocephalus is what

A

CSF circulation is blocked and pressure builds in ventricles

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15
Q

TIA

A

Brief loss of function with full recovery in 24 hrs

Inc. likelihood of stroke

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16
Q

Completed stroke

A

neuro deficits last longer than 1 day and are stable

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17
Q

Progressive stroke

A

Ischemic stroke with deficits that increase over time

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18
Q

Brain infarction

A

when an embolus or thrombus lodges in a vessel, stopping blood flow

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19
Q

Brain infarction - most rapid and spontaneous recovery occurs when

A

during 1st and 2nd weeks after stroke

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20
Q

Lacunar infarcts - occur where

A

Occur in deep small arteries

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21
Q

Lacunar infarcts - most often occur in

A

BG, Internal capsule, thalamus, and brainstem

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22
Q

Lacunar infarcts develop ___
Motor or sensory?
Recovery?

A

slowly
Either purely motor or sensory
Good recovery

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23
Q

Outcome determined by

A

Time course
Location
BP at time of occlusion
Individual variations in collateral connections

24
Q

Hemorrhage - sx worse

A

within first few hours and then as swelling dec, the sx get better

25
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Causes HA and brief loss of consciousness

26
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage - deficits are

A

progressive - due to continued bleeding or secondary to hydrocephalus

27
Q

Vertebral artery can be caused by

A

abrupt neck rotations or hyperextension

28
Q

Vertebral artery s/s

A

pain, usually at posterior neck

29
Q

Vertebrobasilar artery - main sx

A

gait and limb ataxia
limb weakness
oculomotor palsies
oropharyngeal dysfunction

30
Q

Intracranial vertebral arteries main sx

A

dizzy, difficulty walking, nausea, vomiting, dysarthria, HA

31
Q

Basilar artery - complete occlusion

A

death because effects brainstem

32
Q

Basilar artery - partial occlusion can cause

A

tetraplegia (desc motor tracts)
loss of sensation
coma
CN signs

33
Q

Basilar artery - severe partial occlusion

A

locked in syndrome

34
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

A

personality chages
contralateral hemiplegia
hemisensory loss
More severe LE

35
Q

Middle cerebral artery

A 
homonymous hemianopia 
contralateral hemiplegia
hemisensory loss
More severe UE
Language impairment
Difficulty with spatial relationships
Maybe neglect
36
Q

Posterior cerebral artery - affecting mdbrain

A

contralateral hemiparesis and eye mvmnt paresis or paralysis of oculomotor nerve mm

37
Q

Posterior cerebral artery - affecting thalamus

A

severe pain, contralateral hemisensory loss, flaccid hemiparesis

38
Q

Posterior cerebral artery - affects hippocampus

A

declarative memory

39
Q

Watershed area

A

UE paresis and paresthesias

40
Q

AVM rupture

A

Subdural hematoma
Intracerebral hemorrhage
or both

41
Q

Aneurysm

A

Dilation of artery or vein wall

42
Q

Aneurysm - which is most common

A

Saccular aneurysms

43
Q

Aneurysm - bleeding occurs in subarachnoid space =

A

subdural hematoma

44
Q

BBB pros

A

prevent pathogens from entering

45
Q

BBB cons

A

prevent certain drugs and protein antibiotics from entering

46
Q

BBB absent

A

in locations that sample blood or secrete into bloodstream - parts of hypothalamus and areas around 3 and 4 ventricles

47
Q

Cerebral blood flow - osygen icnreases from

A

brainstem to cerebral cortex

Cerebral cortex is more vulnerable to hypoxia

48
Q

Cerebral arteries regulate blood flow based on

A

BP and metabolites

49
Q

Cerebral edema sx

A

HA, weakness, disorientation, memory loss, hallucinations, psychotic bx, coma

50
Q

Inc in intracranial pressure sx

A

Vomit, nausea, HA, drowsy, frontal lob gait ataxia, visual and eye mvmnt deficits

51
Q

Uncal herniation

A

space occupying lesion in temporal lobe moves the uncus medially
COmpresses midbrain

52
Q

Central herniation

A

Space occupying lesion in cerebrum places pressure on diencephalon
Will stretch basilar artery and cause brainstem ischemia and edem

53
Q

Tonsillar herniation

A

cerebellar tonsils force through foramen magnum

compress brainstem

54
Q

Lab eval for cerebral blood flow

A

PET scan

Angiography

55
Q

Venous system

A

cerebral veins that drain into dural sinuses and eventually into IJV

Semester 5 FSNM Exam 5 (5 decks)

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