CNS anatomy

Question 1

what does what and grey matter refer to?

Answer 1

white matter is the myelinated axons

grey matter is the cell bodies

Question 2

what are nuclei?

Answer 2

a collection of cell bodies

Question 3

what is the caudate nucleus part of?

Answer 3

caudate nucleus is part of the base ganglia

Question 4

what connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 4

the corpus calloseum

Question 5

what does rostral, caudal, ventral, dorsal mean?

Answer 5

rostral- nose
caudal - tail
ventral- belly
dorsal - back

Question 6

which out of grey matter and white matter is darker and lighter?

Answer 6

grey matter is darker and white matter is lighter

Question 7

what does somatic and visceral mean?

Answer 7

somatic means nerves to or from the body wall

visceral means internal organs

Question 8

what is a ganglion?

Answer 8

collection of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 9

what is the definition of contralateral and decussation?

Answer 9

contralateral - on the opposite side

decussation - going to the other side

Question 10

what are the white matter tracts?

Answer 10

the corona radiata and the internal capsule

Question 11

what are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 11

the frontal lobe
the temporal lobe
the parietal lobe
the occupital lobe

Question 12

what are the primary cortex related to each of the lobes in the cerebrum?

Answer 12

the frontal lobe - primary motor cortex
the occipital love- the primary visual cortex
the temporal lobe - the primary auditory cortex
the parietal lobe - the somatosensory cortex

Question 13

what is the homunculus made up of?

Answer 13

the sensory and motor neurons of the primary motor and somatosensory cortex

Question 14

what is the left cerebral hemisphere specialised for?

Answer 14

speech processing

Question 15

what are the subcortical regions?

Answer 15

subcortical regions are the thalamus, hypothalamus and the basal ganglia

Question 16

what three structures form the basal ganglia?

Answer 16

• caudate nucleus
• putamen
• globus pallidus

Question 17

from what limb do motor fibres come from?

Answer 17

motor fibres come from both the upper and lower limb

Question 18

what is the basal ganglias job?

Answer 18

to filter out unwanted movement

the cerebral cortex sends signal to striatum and this decides whether movement should go ahead or not

Question 19

what facilitates movement?

Answer 19

the direct pathway- removes inhibition on thalamus

Question 20

what does the indirect pathway?

Answer 20

inhibits movement

removes pathway between thalamus and cereal cortex so cant be any movement

Question 21

what does the substantial nigra do?

Answer 21

it will upregulate the direct pathway and downregulate the indirect pathway
this will stimulate movement

Question 22

where do the subcortical regions lie anatomically?

Answer 22

the hypothalamus is in the floor of the third ventricle and the thalamus and basal ganglia are either side of the third ventricle

Question 23

what are gyri and what are sulci?

Answer 23

sulci are grooves that separate the gyri and gyri are bumps

Question 24

what is the role of the amygdala and the limbic system?

Answer 24

the amygdala is for emotion and stress

the limbic system is for mood, memory and emotions