CNS anatomy Flashcards
what does what and grey matter refer to?
white matter is the myelinated axons
grey matter is the cell bodies
what are nuclei?
a collection of cell bodies
what is the caudate nucleus part of?
caudate nucleus is part of the base ganglia
what connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
the corpus calloseum
what does rostral, caudal, ventral, dorsal mean?
rostral- nose
caudal - tail
ventral- belly
dorsal - back
which out of grey matter and white matter is darker and lighter?
grey matter is darker and white matter is lighter
what does somatic and visceral mean?
somatic means nerves to or from the body wall
visceral means internal organs
what is a ganglion?
collection of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS
what is the definition of contralateral and decussation?
contralateral - on the opposite side
decussation - going to the other side
what are the white matter tracts?
the corona radiata and the internal capsule
what are the four lobes of the cerebrum?
the frontal lobe
the temporal lobe
the parietal lobe
the occupital lobe
what are the primary cortex related to each of the lobes in the cerebrum?
the frontal lobe - primary motor cortex
the occipital love- the primary visual cortex
the temporal lobe - the primary auditory cortex
the parietal lobe - the somatosensory cortex
what is the homunculus made up of?
the sensory and motor neurons of the primary motor and somatosensory cortex
what is the left cerebral hemisphere specialised for?
speech processing
what are the subcortical regions?
subcortical regions are the thalamus, hypothalamus and the basal ganglia
what three structures form the basal ganglia?
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- globus pallidus
from what limb do motor fibres come from?
motor fibres come from both the upper and lower limb
what is the basal ganglias job?
to filter out unwanted movement
the cerebral cortex sends signal to striatum and this decides whether movement should go ahead or not
what facilitates movement?
the direct pathway- removes inhibition on thalamus
what does the indirect pathway?
inhibits movement
removes pathway between thalamus and cereal cortex so cant be any movement
what does the substantial nigra do?
it will upregulate the direct pathway and downregulate the indirect pathway
this will stimulate movement
where do the subcortical regions lie anatomically?
the hypothalamus is in the floor of the third ventricle and the thalamus and basal ganglia are either side of the third ventricle
what are gyri and what are sulci?
sulci are grooves that separate the gyri and gyri are bumps
what is the role of the amygdala and the limbic system?
the amygdala is for emotion and stress
the limbic system is for mood, memory and emotions
