Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

systems pathology > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

neuroglial cells

A

astrocytes
microglial
oligodendroglia
ependymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

causes for cerebral edema

A

trauma
bacterial or viral infection
hemmorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cerebral edema can be either

A

vasogenic or cytotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

vasogenic edema is

A

extravascular accumulation of fluid due to its leakage across damaged wall (necrotic lesion, abcess, tumor); due to new capillary bed formation secondary to lack of good BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cytotoxic edema is

A

intracellular accumulation of fluid such as ischemia, toxin, or hypoxia –> impair cell wall function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pathology of cerebral edema

A

flat gyri, decreased demarcation between gray and white matter, slitlike sulci, swollen and heavier, brain herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

clinically patient will present with what symptoms when having cerebral edema?

A

headache, papilledema, vomiting, due to increase of intracranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hyodrocepphalus has two categories

A

non-communicating and communicating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in non-communicating hydrocephalus is (obstructive) what cannot reach the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 types of congenital non-communicating hydrocephalus

A

arnold chiari malformation
&
stenosis of aqueduct of sylvius or foramina of ventricles (CSF cannot reach 4 & 3rd ventricles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

arnold chiari is when the

A

cerebellar tonsil’s are displaced into the cervical canal through the foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cerebellar tonsilar herniation will cause what clinically?

A

flattening of base of skull and hydrocephalus is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

acquired hydrocephalus types

A

inflammation - meningitis secondary to fibrosis, cerebral abcess
tumors
intracranial hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

acquired hydrocephalus by inflammation is caused frequently by

A

inflammation - meningitis secondary to fibrosis, cerebral abcess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acquired hydrocephalus by tumors is caused frequently by

A

ependymoma & medullablastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

communicating hydrocephalus is due to

A

a blockage within the subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what kind of blockage can cause communicating hydrocephalus?

A

dural venous thrombosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

1 cause of cerebral infarction

A

embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which cerebral atery is most involved in embolism?

A

middle cerebral artery which is a direct extension of ICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what type of infarct is one caused by embolism?

A

pale white anemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what kind of infarct is caused by hypertension?

A

red hemmorragic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the 2nd leading cause of cerebral infarct?

A

ATH of the carotid, basilar, middle or cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a detached mural thrombus from the _____ atrium will travel to

A

left

middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

types of cerebral herniation

A

subfalcine (cingulate)
uncinate (transtentorial)
tonsillar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

subfalcine aka cingulate herniation is where

A

the cingulate gyrus ruptures and travels across the falx cerebri and ruptures the anterior cerebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

uncinate AKA the transtentoral herniation is where

A

CN III is is affected
loss of consciousness
compression of aqueduct sylvius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

CN III compression by uncinate herniation will present clincally as

A

dilaiton of pupil, impaired eye movement on same side resulting in suqinting of eyes, eyes move seperately and parasympathetic disruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

tonsilar herniation is when

A

the cerebrllar tonsils go through the foramen magnum –> compression of the medulla and cardiorespiratory center leading to death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

types of infections of the nervous system

A

leptomeningitis
brain abcess
encephalitis

30
Q

3 types of meningitis

A

acute purulent
acute lymphocytic
chronic meningitis

31
Q

acute purulent type of fluid

A

pus –> cloudy

32
Q

acute purulent type of etiology

A

hemophilus influenza
meningococcus
streptoccocus pnemoniae
E coli and strept agalactae

33
Q

hemophilus influenza infects?

A

infants and children

34
Q

hemophilus influenza kind of gram stain and shape?

A

negative bacillus (rod)

35
Q

how long is infant protected from hemophilus influenza by mothers antobodies?

A

6 months

36
Q

meningococcus affects who?

A

adolescents and young children

37
Q

meningococcus is spread by

A

droplets from the nasocavity

38
Q

streptoccocus pneumonia

A

infants and elderly affected

39
Q

streptoccocus pnemoniae kind of stain and shape?

A

gram positive and coccus

40
Q

E coli and strept agalactiae is what kind of infection

A

a neonatal infection

41
Q

E coli and strept agalactiae gram stain and shape?

A

Gram + and cocci

42
Q

meningococcus is neisseria is

A

really bad to get

43
Q

which leptominigitis virus causes cerebral hemmorhages?

A

streptoccocus pnemoniae

44
Q

acute lymphocytic meningitis

A

viruses with increased lymphocytes in lumbar puncture

45
Q

types of acute lymphocytic meningitis

A

enteroviruses (mumps, coxsackieviruses, poliomyelitis)

HIV

46
Q

chronic meningitis

A

TB
Trponema pallidum (syphilis)
brucella and
fungi - cyptococcus neoformans with AIDS

47
Q

TB bacteria name

A

microbacterium tuberculosis

48
Q

microbacterium tuberculosis type of stain and shape

A

acid fast bacilis

49
Q

glucose will be reduced in both _____ & _____ types of meningitis

A

actue purulent and chronic

50
Q

viral encaphalitis types

A
  1. Herpes simplex encephalitis
    1. Rabies
    2. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (measels)
    3. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
51
Q

Most common cause of encephalitis in USA

A

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

52
Q

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis site

A

Temporal lobe and inferior parts of frontal lobe

Intranuclear inclusion bodies, Cowdry type A

53
Q

rabies transmission through

A

saliva

54
Q

rabies sites

A

Basal Ganglia,
Hippocampus,
Brain stem,
Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, Negri bodies

55
Q

Subacute Sclerosing Pan-Encephalitis: transmission

A

Several years after measles attack (latent form)  most often in children

56
Q

Subacute Sclerosing Pan-Encephalitis: sites

A
  • Cerebral grey matter (sensory or motor)
    Frontal lobe –> dementia
    BasalGanglia
    Intranuclear inclusion bodies
57
Q

etiology of intracranial hemorrhage

A
  1. Trauma: blunt (car accidents) or penetrating wounds (bullets)
    1. Rupture of blood vessel (congenital abnormality, hypertension, aneurysm)
    2. Coagulation defects
58
Q

INTRACRAINIAL HEMORRHAGE types

A
  1. Epidural hematoma
    1. Subdural hematoma
    2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
    3. Intracerebral hemorrhage
59
Q

epidural hematoma is caused by

A

trauma & FX. to the middle meningeal artery or others.

60
Q

epidural hematoma is located

A

between the skull and dura matter

61
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

due to trauma but not a FX.

62
Q

Subdural hematoma is what kind of bleed?

A

venous - bridging veins

63
Q

Subdural hematoma can be seen more in

A

elderly and alcoholics due to cerebral atrophy

64
Q

Subdural hematoma acute is where

A

bleeding is severe and associated with severe trauma such as brain lacerations

65
Q

Subdural hematoma chronic is with

A

minor trauma and very slow bleed that leads to a clot formation

66
Q

after a few day the clot in a subdural hematoma will

A

disintegrate and attract CSF causing expansion and slow compression on the brain

67
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

ruptured berry aneurysm at the branching of the circle of Willis
due too >
hypertension, ATH, exercise can predispose the rupture of aneurysm

68
Q

cerebral hemorrhage most common cause

A

hypertension causes the Charcot Bouchard micro aneurysms in Lenticulo striate branches of middle cerebral artery to rupture

69
Q

cerebral hemorrhage sites

A 
basal ganglia
thalamus 
and internal capsule 
germinal matrix of premies
choroid
70
Q

what can cause subarachnoid hemorrhage

A 
berry aneurysm
MVA
AVM > tumors
coagulopathy
herpes
strep
71
Q

what are negri bodies

A

intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies of present with rabies

systems pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions