CNS Flashcards
List 3 ways neurotransmitters are cleared from the synapse
reuptake,
enzymatic degradation
diffusion
What happens during reuptake?
reabsorption of the neurotransmitter occurs
What is enzymatic degradation?
destruction of the neurotransmitter with special chemicals known as enzymes
What happens during diffusion?
The neurotransmitter becomes detached from the receptor and drifts out of the synaptic cleft
List 5 major CNS neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine, GABA, Glutamate, dopamine, norepinephrine, seretonin
What neurotransmitter is a cholinergic associated with Alzheimer’s?
Acetylcholine
Glutamate is an amino acid responsible for
the biosynthesis of proteins
GABA is an amino acid associated with
anxiety and muscle tone
What amino acid relaxes/slows processes in the brain?
GABA
What are 3 monoamines?
dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine
Dopamine regulates
attention concentration pleasure energy motivation mood muscle movement
Mood, alertness, concentration and energy are regulated by
Norepinephrine
Serotonin regulates
mood
anxiety
sex
appetite
Explain the statement “From a therapeutic perspective, the blood-brainbarrier is a mixed blessing”
The BBB protects the brain from injury by potentially toxic substances, but it can also be a significant obstacle to entry of therapeutic agents
Identify the four lobes of the brain
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Describe the major functions of the frontal lobe
associated with reasoning planning parts of speech movement, emotions problem solving
Describe the major functions of the parietal lobe
associated with movement
orientation,
recognition
perception of stimuli
The occipital lobe is associated with what function?
visual processing
The temporal lobe is associated with
memory,
speech
perception
recognition of auditory stimuli
The limbic system is a collective term for
a large number of interconnected nuclei and area of the brain involved in learning, memory, emotion, and executive function
The hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex (limbic nuclei)
memory and learning
Amygdala (limbic nuclei) involved in
emotion
anxiety
fear
Removing parts of the_______ _______ has helped with improving some mental disorders such as OCD
cigulate gyrus
The cigulate gyrus (limbic nuclei)
a lot of mental disorders but mostly ADD and OCD
List the 4 F’s associated with the Hypothalamus
Fighting
fleeing
feeding
fornication
The Hypothalamus is responsible for the ____ or _____
response
fight
flight
Orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal prefrontal cortex are involved in
social behaviors/functions Feelings of guilt Executive function(filter)
True or False
Infants have fully developed myelin sheaths
False
Which limbic nuclei is affected in Demetia patients?
Orbitofrontal cortex and dorsal prefrontal cortex
