CNS Flashcards
elevated enzyme in amnion when there is failure of the neural tube to close
AFP
froglike appearance with maternal polihydramnios
anencephaly
most common cause of hydrocephalus in new borns
cerebral aqueduct stenosis
foramen of monroe
lateral ventricles to third
cerebral aqueduct
3rd to 4th ventricle
foramina of magendie and luscha
from 4th ventricle to subarachnoid space
absense of cerebellar vermis - dilation of 4th and hydrocephalus
dandy walker - cerebellar absense
extension of cerebellar tonsils through foramen magnum
arnold chiari
associations of arnold chiari
hydrocephalus, meningomyelocele, syringomyelia
Syringomyelia
with trauma or arnold chiari. pain and temperature loss (anterior white commissure of spinothalamic tract) in capelike distribution.
Dorsal Column
virbration and positional sense. lower centered upper peripheral.
severe expansion of syringomyelia
damage to LMNs of the anterior horn. atrophy, weakness, impaired reflexes
Horner syndrome - damage to lateral horn of the hypothalamospinal tract.
ptosis, myosis, and anhydrosis
Horner
Poliomyelitis
damage to anterior horn - LMN, hyporeflexia and negative babinski
werdnig-hoffman
inherited degen of anterior horn, AR - floppy baby, death in few years
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
degen of upper and lower motor of corticospinal tract - same presentation as polio but with addition of fasciculations. and lateral corticospinal tract degeneration.
ALS vs Syringomyelia
no sensory loss but with atrophy and weekness of hands
SOD1 (zinc-copper superoxide dismutase) mutation causing free radical injury to neurons.
Familial ALS
trinucleotide repeat of GAA in frataxin gene
friedrich ataxia
Frataxin
mitochondrial iron regulation. dysfunction = iron build-up and free radical damage.
wheelchair bound early in life and associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
freidrich ataxia
inflammation of leptomeninges (pia and arachnoid)
meningitis
pain and temp tract
spinothalamic
pressure, touch, vibration, and proprioception tract
dorsal column - medial lemniscus
voluntary movement tract
lateral corticospinal
sympathetic input of the face
hypothalamospinal
common septic meningitis neonates
Group B strep, e coli, listeria, H.influenza (non-vaccinated)
common meningitis in children and teens
neisseria
meningitis in adults and elderly
strep pneumo
aseptic meningitis in children
Coxsackie B - fecal oral
fungal meningitis
immunocompromized
more specific to viral meningitis
photophobia
indication of fungal meningitis
CSF lymphocytes and decreased glucose
complications of bacterial meningitis
edema and herniation. hydrocephalus, hearing loss, seizures 2ry to fibrosis
