Cell Changes

Question 1

cell stress response leading to increase in gene expression and organelles.

Answer 1

hypertrophy

Question 2

increase in number of cells

Answer 2

hyperplasia

Question 3

cell adaptation that preceeds dysplasia and cancer

Answer 3

pathologic hyperplasia

Question 4

only hyperplasia without increased risk of cancer

Answer 4

BPH

Question 5

atrophic decrease in cell number

Answer 5

apoptosis

Question 6

atrophic decrease in cell size

Answer 6

ubiquitin-proteosome degradation of cytoskeleton and autophagy of cell components

Question 7

tagged with ubiquitin and destroyed by proteosomes

Answer 7

intermediate filaments

Question 8

describe autophagy

Answer 8

autophagic vacuoles fuse with lysosomes, whose hydrolytic enzymes breakdown cell components.

Question 9

change in cell type - reprogramming stem cells that is reversible

Answer 9

metaplasia - new type better able to handle stress

Question 10

barrett esophagus

Answer 10

metaplasia of non-keratinizing squamous epithelium to non-ciliated mucin producing columnar cells.

Question 11

barrett esophagus may progress to

Answer 11

adenocarcinoma of esophagus

Question 12

metaplasia with no increased cancer risk

Answer 12

apocrine metaplasia of the breast

Question 13

metaplasia of vitamin deficiency

Answer 13

keratomalacia in vit A deficiency

Question 14

mesenchymal metaplasia

Answer 14

myositis osificans

Question 15

disordered cell growth - product of hyperplasia or metaplasia

Answer 15

dysplasia

Question 16

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - CIN

Answer 16

dysplastic precursor to cervical cancer.

Question 17

aplasia

Answer 17

during embryogenesis - unilateral renal agenesis

Question 18

Hypoplasia durring development

Answer 18

streak ovary in turners

Question 19

cell injury

Answer 19

stress exceeds adaptation