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2018 Final > CNS 2018 final > Flashcards

CNS 2018 final Flashcards

1
Q

Which nucleus is responsible for pain and temperature sensation?
A. Substantia gelatinosa
B. Nucleus proprius
C. Nucleus dorsalis
D. Nucleus gracilus
E. Nucleus cuneatus

A

A

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2
Q

Which Ligament prevents hyperextension of cervical spine
A. anterior longitudinal ligament
B. posterior longitudinal ligament

A

A

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3
Q

Which structure is present in the anterior spinal artery territory of the medulla oblangata?
A. inferior cerebral peduncle
B. MLF
C. Superior olivary nucleus
D. N. Ambiguous
E. Trigeminal spinal nucleus
I think thats it

A

B

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4
Q

a lesion/damage to which would cause alexia & agraphia ?
A. inferior part of the postcentral gyrus
B. angular gyrus
C. middle frontal gyrus

A

B

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5
Q

You are caring of patient has a stroke and can’t comprehending the spoken speech, branches of which artery are affected ?
A. Posterior cerebral artery
B. Middle cerebral artery
C. Anterior cerebral artery
D. Striate arteries
E. Anterior choriodal artery

A

B

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6
Q

In superior cerebellar artery hemorrhage, which part of cerebellum would mostly be affected?
A. posterior lobe
B. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
C. Middle cerebellar peduncle
D. Anterior lobe

A

D

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7
Q

he had a facial infection, after…(i forgot the question) …..
what sinus most likely thrombosed?
A. superior sagittal
B. inferior sagittal
C. cavernous
D. inferior petrosal

A

C

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8
Q

Patient had irritation of meninges and referred pain in forehead
Which area is the irritiation?
A. tentorium cerebelli
B. falx cerebelli
C. middle cranial fossa
D. posterior cranial fossa

A

probably A

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9
Q

Which of the following thalamic nuclei is responsible for consciousness and alert? (this Q came twice in our exam)
A. reticular
B. midline
C. intralaminar
D. anterior

A

C

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10
Q

A central-surround function of the retina sharpen the vision in the visual field, which cell does this function?

A

Horizontal cells

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11
Q

Facial nerve injury caused hyperacusis which muscle is damaged?
A. tensor tympani
B. stapedius

A

B

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12
Q

Role of middle ear

A

Transforming a high-amplitude low-force sound wave from TM into a low-amplitude high-force vibration “and transforming it to the oval window of internal ear via the auditory ossicles”

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13
Q

how can protein prp sc affect the others?

A

by conformational change

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14
Q

What is the molecular mechanism of hungtinton disease?

A

expansion of CAG repeats

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15
Q

Marker of demyelination in csf?

A

Oligoclonal IgG bands

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16
Q

What is a characteristic of myelin in the brain?
A. Has specific basic protein
B. Has very low phosphatidylamino

A

A

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17
Q

A 24-year-old healthy man who went camping in the mountains in the winter, is found dead in his tent by his friends. His tent had multiple empty bottles of beer and a coal burner. Upon postmortem examination, his skin showed a (bright?) velvety reddish discoloration, and a cut section of his brain showed multiple cherry red spots in the white matter. What is the likely cause of death in this person?
A. Acute alcohol intoxication
B. Acute carbon monoxide poisoning
C. High altitude mediated pulmonary edema
D. Cardiac arrest due to hypothermia
E. Fat embolisation syndrome

A

B

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18
Q

which of the following hereditary neuropathies is a X linked disorder secondary to mutations in ABCD1 gene causing deficiency in active cellular transporters in peroxisomes?
A. spinocerebellar ataxia
B. friedreich ataxia
C. krabbe disease
D. adrenoleukodystrophy

A

D

19
Q

Man had a neurosurgical shunt 10 years ago. 7 months ago he was diagnosed with dementia which was progressive, and 7 months later (now) he entered a vegetative state. What is the finding?

A. Spongiform
B. Lewy body

A

A

20
Q

What are the features of Glioblastoma Multiforme?

A

necrosis with pallisading endothelial proliferation, anaplasia

21
Q

Meningitis was suspected in a patient. Lumbar puncture:
- 1000 (mostly PMNs)
- High protein
- Low glucose
A. Bacterial
B. Toxic
C. Tuberculus
D. Viral

A

A

22
Q

What makes the person goes from tonic to clonic?
A. NMDA & AMPA receptor enhancement
B. prolonged depolarization
C. GABA inhibition returns

A

C

23
Q

A. Action potential
B. Interictal Paroxysmal depolarization shift
C. sustained depolarization

A

B

24
Q

how can we induce sleep using brainwave entrainment?

A

4 Hz sound waves are used to induce 4 Hz theta waves in brain

25
Q

mutation of which receptor is associated with autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE)

A. Ach nicotinic receptor

B. GABA receptor

C. Na receptor

A

A

26
Q

What is the effect of long-term high dose selective beta 1 antagonist on cerebral autoregulation?

A. No effect

B. The lower limit will be reduced

C. The upper limit will be reduced

A

A

27
Q

What will increase when CPP decrease lower than the limit of autoregulation

A. oxygen metabolism

B. pericytes muscle tone

C. oxygen fraction

Not 100% sure

A

C

28
Q

Huntington’s with akinesia, rigidity. What is the pathogenesis?

A. Inc activity of STN

B. SMA neuronal death due to neurotoxocity

C. GPi inhibited

A

B

29
Q

young man had a car accident and lost 1 liter of blood, but he was still conscious and felt thirsty. What is the most likely signaling mechanism?

A. Hypothalamic osmoreceptors

B. Carotid baroreceptors

C. Aortic chemoreceptors

A

B

30
Q

A central-surround function of the retina sharpen the vision in the visual field, which cell does this function?

A. bipolar cells

B. Wide amacrine cells

C. Narrow amacrine cells

D. Horizental cells

A

D

31
Q

Which of the following infections requires isolating the patient?

A. N. Meningitidis

B. E. coli

C. H. Influenza

A

A

32
Q

A csf sample showing gram negative diplococci, what is the appropriate treatment?

A. Cefotaxime

B. Gentamicin

A

A

33
Q

Dr. Bushra wants to perform a minor surgical procedure on her patient but she wants him to remain responsive to simple commands yet in a deep state of sedation and analgesia. Which combination of drugs will she use?

A. Propotol and tentany

B. Droperidol and fentanyl

A

B

34
Q

peripheral side effects of levodopa such as arrhythmia can be reversed/ antagonized with which drug?

A. Carbidopa

B. Ropinirole

C. Selegiline

D. Benzotropine

A

A

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Memantine?

A

NMDA antagonist

36
Q

mode of action of the muscle relaxant Tizanidine “it acts as an agonist of what”?

A. alpha-2-adrenergic receptor

B. nicotinic receptor

A

A

37
Q

Increase in intracellular substance in central sensitization

A. Ca

B. K

C. Na

A

A

38
Q

what is true regarding MS?

A. female to male ratio 3:1

B. more prevalent near the equator

C. similar in African-American and caucasians

D. high vit D level is a risk to develop ms

A

A

39
Q

what’s the mechanism by which brain entrainment therapy works?

A

using 4 Hz to form theta waves

(final13: you need to know the frequency (4Hz) and the type of stimulus used (sound waves) and what type of waves id generated in the brain (4 Hz theta waves)

40
Q

What is the target of DAT scan, which differentiates between essential tremor and Parkinson’s tremor?

A. Vesicular monoamine transporter 2

B. Presynaptic dopamine plasmalemmal re-uptake transporter

A

B

41
Q

what is the property of a category X drug?

A

controlled human and animal studies show adverse effects of drug

42
Q

Which one of the following statements applies to Nandrolone?

A. Causes virilization more than testosterone in temales (paraphrasing)

B. can delay the epiphysis closure in children

C. Is usetul in patients with hypoproteinemia

D. Enhances the pituitary LH secretions

A

C

43
Q

A patient who is taking PDE inhibitor for erectile dysfunction is diagnosed with angina, which is drug is contraindicated?

A. amlodepine

B. atenolol

C. nitroglycerine

D. diltiazem

A

B

2018 Final (4 decks)

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