CNS Flashcards
functions of the Brian are _
lateralised
left hemisphere
logic, number, language (processes the sensory and motor pathways for the right side of the body)
right hemisphere
creativity, imagination, rhythm (processes the sensory and motor pathways for the left side of the body)
how are the two brain hemispheres joined
corpus callosum
3 main brain constituents
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
forebrain composed of
cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus
hindbrain composed of
pons, medulla, cerebellum
brainstem composed of
midbrain, pons, medulla
pons role
consciousness and posture
medulla role
Basic life sustaining functions e.g HR and breathing
midbrain role
eye movements and the auditory system
how is the cerebellum connected to the Brian stem
peduncles
cerebellum role
motor functions
cerebellum receives input from
ascending sensory pathways from the body, descending motor pathways from the cerebrum
thalamus role
relay point so info can get to the relevant part of the cerebrum
hypothalamus role
homeostasis, autonomic nervous system
hypothalamus inputs
via the medulla
cerebrum (cerebral cortex) mainly consist of _
white matter containing axons, which connect cell bodies in grey matter
where does grey matter exist
only on the surface of the hemispheres
cerebrum role
intelligence, personality, plan Ning, touch sensation
sulci
infolding of the brain, make boundaries of different areas
gyri
stick out of the sulci, areas of functional grey matter
what separates the CNA from the rest of the body
meninges
meninges layers
pia mater (adherant to the brain), arachnoid mater, dura mater
where is the CSF found in the meninges
between Pia and arachnoid mater
what is CSF produced by
specialised epithelium lining cavities within the brain (ventricles)
how does CSF differ to plasma
lower in proteins, cells and most ions but a higher concentration of chloride, magnesium and sodium
how is CSF reabsorbed into venous circulation
via arachnoid granulations
spinal cord consists of
ascending and descending neurones
vertebral foremen
vertical tunnel through the vertebra, forms vertebral canal
vertebral arch consists of
pedicles, lamina, transverse processes, spinous process and articular processes
intervertebral discs
fibrocartilaginous joint, allows slight movement and acts as a shock absorber
intervertebral discs contain
annulus fibrosus (ring withstanding compression), nucleus pulposus (gel like centre distributing pressure), hyaline cartilage layer
spinal cord cross section
dorsal column, lateral column, anterolateral fasciculus
dorsal column (spinal cord)
Ascending sensory neurons carrying fine touch and proprioception information from the limbs
lateral column (spinal cord)
Descending motor tracts from the cerebral cortex
Anterolateral
fasciculus
Ascending sensory neurones carrying pain and temperature fibres
