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CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

Formed from neural tissue

Brain + Spinal Cord

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2
Q

What are Glial cells and what are the different types?

A

They maintain the environment surrounding neurons

Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Astrocytes
Satellite cells
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3
Q

What are Ependymal cells?

A

They line ventricular system in CNS

Secrete CSF which fills the ventricular system

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4
Q

What are Oligodendrocytes?

A

Forms myelin sheath - insulate axons in CNS

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5
Q

What are Microglia?

A

macrophage-like cells

For immune defence
Tissue repair in brain & spinal cord

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6
Q

What are Astrocytes?

A

Regulate + maintain chemical composition of extracellular space and maintain a gateway

Blood-Brain Barrier

They are star shaped glial cells

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7
Q

What are Satellite cells?

A

Found in PNS

Small cells

surround neurons in sensory, sympathetic & parasympathetic ganglia

Regulate external environment

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8
Q

What are the functions of the Cerebral cortex?

A 
Sensory perception
Voluntary control of movement 
Language
Personality traits
Thinking
Memory
Decision Making
Creativity
Self-consciousness
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9
Q

What are the functions of the Basal Ganglia

A

Co-ordination of movement

Includes the striatum

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10
Q

What are the functions of the Thalamus?

A

Relay station for sensory inputs and motor outputs

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11
Q

What are the functions of the Hypothalamus?

A

Regulates several key functions - Body temp, fluid/food intake

Key link between nervous and endocrine system - Pituitary gland

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12
Q

What are the functions of the Cerebellum?

A

Maintenance of balance

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13
Q

What are the functions of the Hippocampus?

A

Learning + Memory

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14
Q

What are the functions of the Brain Stem?

A

Origin of majority of cranial nerves

  • Cardiovascular control centres
  • Respiratory control centres
  • Digestive control centres

Regulation of muscle reflexes involved with equilibrium and posture

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15
Q

What are the 3 protective/nourishing membranes called and where are they?

A

Meninges

They lie between bony covering and nervous tissue

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16
Q

What are the names of the 4 arteries that supply blood to the brain?

A

2 Carotid Arteries - Front of neck

2 Vertebral Arteries - Back of neck

17
Q

What is the name of the place of merging of all 4 arteries at the base of the brain?

A

Circle of Willis

18
Q

Which arteries arise from the Circle of Willis?

A

Pial Arteries

They go over the surface of the brain - just above the Pia Mater - one of the meningeal layers

19
Q

What are pericytes?

A

Control blood flow into brain

They have an immune function - preventing macromolecules from entering brain

20
Q

What is the Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)

A

Major component of the Astrocytic cytoskeleton

Defines and maintains shape of Astrocyte

21
Q

What are the expanded endings of Astrocytic processes called?

A

End feet - located just below the Pia Mater

They form the Glia-limitans

22
Q

What are the functions of Astrocytes?

A 
Energy & nutrient support of neurons
Ion & water homeostasis
Termination of synaptic activity
Maintenance of BBB
Breathing regulation
23
Q

What are the 2 super families of Transport proteins, and give examples

A

Solute Carrier (SLC Super family)

  • Facilitated diffusion transporters
  • Secondary active transporters

ATP Binding Cassette (ABC Super family)

  • P-glycoprotein (PGP) - important transporter
  • Breast Cancer Resistance protein (BCRP)
  • Multi-drug Resistance Associated Protein (MRP)
24
Q

What are the 2 different types of Endocytosis?

A

Non-selective endocytosis
- Fluid phase endocytosis - formation of vesicle from plasma membrane

Selective Endocytosis

25
Q

What are the 2 types of Selective Endocytosis?

A

Receptor-mediated Transcytosis

  • Binding of ligand-receptor = triggers formation of vesicle
  • Vesicle is transcytosed across endothelial endothelial cell - then fuses with Abluminal membrane

Absorptive Transcytosis

  • Positively charged molecule interacts with negatively charged Glycocalyx ( coats luminal membrane of capillaries)
  • Positively charged molecule - engulfed in vesicle - fuses with Abluminal membrane
26
Q

What is the cause of Neurodegenerative diseases, and give examples.

A

Neuronal cell death

Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
Multiple sclerosis

27
Q

Give examples of Neurological disorders

A

Depression
Epilepsy
Schizophrenia

28
Q

What is the Blood - CSF barrier formed from?

A

Formed by the Choroid plexus & Arachnoid Membrane

Arachnoid Membrane - 1 of 3 Meningeal layers of brain

29
Q

What is the function of the Choroid plexus?

A

Actively produce CSF
Synthesise polypeptides
Contribute to regulating brain Interstitial fluid (ISF)

NS (12 decks)

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