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PCM > CN deficits > Flashcards

CN deficits Flashcards

1
Q

CN1- function

A

sense of smell, nerves traverse the cribiform plate and enter the olfactory placode
Only sensory nerve that doesn’t synapse in the thalamus

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2
Q

CN1- disorders

A

anosmia can be caused by fracture of the cribiform plate or tumor

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3
Q

what may leak if there is a fracture to the cribiform plate

A

CSF

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4
Q

CN 2- function

A

vision

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5
Q

CN2- disorders

A

papilledema- inc ICP or Foster Kennedy tumor

Optic neuritis

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6
Q

papilledema

A

takes along time to lose vision but atthe end vision loss is sudden and permanant
can be caused by inc ICP

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7
Q

Optic Neuritis

A

Associated with MS,
lose ventral vision but peripheral vision is fine
visual loss is sudden but most likely will recover

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8
Q

CN III- function

A

Extraoccular muscles except SO and LR
pupillary sphincter
accommodation

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9
Q

CNIII - pathology- appearance and causes

A

ptosis, pupil is fixed and dilated, down and out

caused by aneurysm of PC of IC artery, uncal herniation, or diabetic neuropathy

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10
Q

CN IV- fx

A

innervates SO

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11
Q

CN IV- pathology

A

eye is deviated up and in
pt will have have diplopia esp when they walk down stairs
caused by pontine lesion

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12
Q

CN V- function

A

muscles of mastication and heating

sense of touch and pain from face, nasal/ oral mucosa, and teeth

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13
Q

CN V- pathology

A

trigeminal neuralgia- tic doulerous- pain affects one or more of the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve, often triggered by touch

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14
Q

Treatment of CN V pathology

A

anticonvulsants ie phenytoin or carbamazepine

Surgery if drugs fail

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15
Q

CN VI- function

A

innervates abducens muscle- lateral gaze

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16
Q

CN VI- pathology

A

eye is deviated medially

horizontal diplopia

17
Q

Causes of CN VI pathology

A

tumor- pontine glioma

diabetes

18
Q

CN VII- function

A

branchiomotor for facial muscles, playsma and stapedius
taste from ant 2/3 of tongue
skin sensation from external auditory meatus and back of ear
secretory to lacrimal gland and mucous membrane of nose and mouth

19
Q

CN VII- pathology

A 
bells palsy- paralysis of U and lower facial muscles- cant close eye
ultimately recover function
often preceded by pain behind the ear
some taste impairment
tx is prednisone in 1st week
20
Q

Common cause of Bells Palsy

A

HSV

21
Q

CN VIII- function

A

hearing

balance

22
Q

CN VIII pathology

A

deafness- conductive or sensorinureal
vertigo- labyrinthe dz Menieres disease. hearing loss gets worse with each attack until totally gone.
acoustic neuroma

23
Q

Minieres disease

A

sudden attacks of vertigo (whirling sensation and nausea) with decreased hearing

24
Q

How is Vertigo tx

A

Antihistamines can help during an attack

25
Q

Acousic neuroma

A

benign tumor arising fro the vestibular nerve

26
Q

CN IX- function

A

cutaneous senseation from skin behind hte hear
taste, touch, and pain from post 1/3 of tongue, post pharynx and euxtachian tube
baroreceptors from carotid sinus

27
Q

CN IX- pathology

A

glossopharyngeal neuralgia- paroxysmal pain in throat esp when swallowing, tx with phenytoin or carbamazepime, surgery.

28
Q

CN X- function

A

touch and pain to skin on back of ear and post wall or external auditory meatus
GVA- to pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic, and abdominal viscera.
scattered taste buds and epiglottis
preganglionic fibers to terminal PNS ganglia for innervating thoracic and abdominal viscera
branchiomotor fibers to voluntary striated muscles of larynx and pharynx

29
Q

CN X- pathology

A

pharyngeal branch injury–> dysphagia

recurrent laryngeal injury –> hoarseness

30
Q

what is CN X stimulation used for

A

tx epilepsy

31
Q

CN XI- function

A

joins vagus to innervate intrinsic muscles of larynx

SCM and Trap

32
Q

CN XI- pathology

A

winging scapula

33
Q

CN XII- function

A

skeletal muscle of the tongue

34
Q

CN XII- pathology

A

rarely injured
unilateral injury causes fibrillation and atrophy of affected side of the tongue. Tongue protrudes toward paralyzed side

35
Q

CN of forebrain

A

I, II

36
Q

CN of midbrain

A

III, IV

37
Q

CN of Pons

A

V, VI, VI, VII, VIII

38
Q

CN of medulla

A

IX, X

PCM (12 decks)

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