CN, cerebellar and atlas/axis disorders

Question 1

facial nerve paralysis

Answer 1

unilateral, ear drop, inability to close the eye, keratitis, muzzle pulled to unaffected side

Question 2

peripheral vestibular disease

Answer 2

CN VIII or vestibular apparatus damaged

clinical signs: head tilt, ataxia, drifting to one side, horizontal nystagmus

Question 3

vestibular disease dx

Answer 3

skull rads, titers for protozoal myelitis

Question 4

central vestibular disease etiology

Answer 4

head trauma, stylohyoid osteoarthropathy, pathologic fx extends into petrous temporal bone, EPM

Question 5

central vestibular disease clinical signs

Answer 5

vestibular sxs

additional CN V through XII involvement

Question 6

temorohypoid osteoarthropathy

Answer 6

CN VII, VIII deficits

central corneal ulcer

Question 7

tx of vestibular disease

Answer 7

antiinflammatory drugs-DMSO, corticosteroids, NSAIDs
abx-TMPS for otitis, pen/gent for skull fx
surgery

Question 8

guttural pouch empyema

Answer 8

involve facial, vagus, and glossopharyngeal nerves and cranial sympathetic trunk

Question 9

guttural pouch mycosis

Answer 9

hemorrhage

dysfunction of CN VII, IX, X, XI

Question 10

dysphagia

Answer 10

brainstem nuclear regions, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

severe forebrain diseases-swallowing reflexes are still intact

Question 11

ddx of dysphagia

Answer 11

inflammatory
toxic
physical
non-neurologic

Question 12

cerebellar disease

Answer 12

ataxia without weakness
dysmetric
jerky head bobbing
intention tremor
absent or inconsistent menace

Question 13

cerebellar abiotrophy

Answer 13

arabian foals

signs develop at 1-6 months of age

Question 14

cerebellar abiotrophy pathogenesis

Answer 14

autosomal recessive genetic basis

degeneration and depletion of Purkinje and granular cells

Question 15

cerebellar hypoplasia

Answer 15

associated with BVD infection
clinical signs apparent at birth
small cerebellum

Question 16

occipitoatlantoaxial malformation

Answer 16

familial occipitalizatin of the atlax with atlantalization of axis
arabian, friesian, saddlebred, appaloosa
3 clinical presentations: dead at birth, tetraparesis at birth, progressive ataxia in foals