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RTH 132 > CMV > Flashcards

CMV Flashcards

1
Q

ventilation

A

normal movement of gases into and out of the lung

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2
Q

external respiration

A

gas exchange b/w the lung and the blood stream

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3
Q

internal respiration

A

gas exchange b/w the blood and the cells - cellular level

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4
Q

on inhalation describe what happens in the thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm descends and enlarges the vertical size of the thoracic cavity, the external intercostals contract and raise the ribs slightly increasing thorax

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5
Q

on exhalation describe what happens in the thoracic cavity

A

exhalation is passive and diaphragm returns to normal position

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6
Q

what must you have to have flow

A

must have pressure gradient to have flow

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7
Q

what causes a volume change

A

gas flow

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8
Q

when is there no gas flow

A

at end of inhalation and end or exhalation

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9
Q

what pressure do you measure vent pressure in

A

cmH2O

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10
Q

what reference is equal to 760 mmhg for vents

A

zero reference

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11
Q

proximal pressure is often called what

A

Pawo or Pm

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12
Q

unless pressure is applied the upper airway Pawo is what

A

zero

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13
Q

what is intrapleural pressure (Ppl)

A

pressure in the potential space b/w the parietal and visceral pleura

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14
Q

Nml intrapleural pressure is what at the end of expiration and what at the end of inspiration

A

-5 and -10

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15
Q

what changes as intrapleural pressure changes

A

alveolar pressure (intrapulmonary pressure) Pa

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16
Q

what are the four basic pressure gradients

A

transairway pressure, transthoracic pressure, transpulmonary pressure, transrespiratory pressure

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17
Q

transpulmonary pressure

A

alveolar pressure - pleural pressure

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18
Q

transthoracic pressure

A

alveolar pressure - body surface pressure

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19
Q

transairway pressure

A

airway pressure - alveolar pressure

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20
Q

transrespiratory pressure

A

airway pressure - body surface pressure

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21
Q

where do you measure pressure

A

very close to the mouth or inside ventilator

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22
Q

baseline pressure

A

usually pressure at end expiration before next breath

23
Q

what raises baseline pressure

A

PEEP

24
Q

peak pressure

A

highest pressure recorded at the end of inspiration

25
Q

plateau pressure

A

breath hold / inspiratory pause - elastic recoil of lung is still exerting a pressure

26
Q

when is plateau pressure taken

A

after breath has been delivered but before exhalation is allowed to occur

27
Q

compliance

A

volume change per unit of pressure change

28
Q

dynamic compliance

A

reflects elastic recoil of lung (stiffness) and airway resistance to flow

29
Q

static compliance

A

pressure is measured at static or no-flow conditions and eliminates airway resistance

30
Q

resistance

A

obstruction to air flow

31
Q

what is EEP

A

end expiratory pressure or baseline pressure

32
Q

what is normal compliance value

A

0.05 to 0.17 L/cm H2O or 50 to 170 mL / cm H2O

33
Q

what is the normal compliance value of intubated patients

A

males: C = 40 - 50 mL/cmh2o up to 100 mL/cmH2O
females: C = 35 -45 mL/cmH2O up t 100 mL/cmH2O

34
Q

normal resistance values

A

0.6 to 2.4 cmH2O/L/sec at 0.5 L/sec flow

35
Q

resistance values for intubated patients

A

approx. 6 cm H2O/L/sec or higher

36
Q

when does the RAW increase for intubated patients

A

increases as the endotracheal tube size decreases

37
Q

clinical conditions that increase RAW - COPD

A

emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, bronchiectasis

38
Q

clinical conditions that increase RAW - mechanical obstruction

A

post intu obs, FB obs, endotracheal tube, condensation in tubing

39
Q

clinical conditions that increase RAW - infection

A

croup, epiglottitis, bronchiolitis

40
Q

what is the time constant

A

the product of R and C which has units of time

41
Q

why is the time constant called constant

A

for any value of R and C equals the time necessary for the lungs to empty 63% of volume

42
Q

2-time constants

A

86%

43
Q

3-time constants

A

95%

44
Q

4-time constants

A

98%

45
Q

5-time constants

A

100%

46
Q

one time constant = what

A

C x RAW

47
Q

what does the C and RAW stand for

A

c = compliance of the unit and RAW is resistance of the unit

48
Q

time constant formula

A

time constant = C x R

49
Q

types of mechanical ventilation

A

negative pressure, positive pressure, high-frequency

50
Q

who uses high - frequency ventilation

A

infants IRS, adults with air leaks, ARDS

51
Q

what is high - frequency ventilation

A

high rates and low volumes

52
Q

HFPPV

A

60-100 breaths/min

53
Q

HFJV

A

100-600 breaths/min

54
Q

HFO

A

up to 4000 breaths/min

RTH 132 (11 decks)

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