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cardiology testing 123 > CMR > Flashcards

CMR Flashcards

1
Q

how does Gd work?

A

proton electron dipole interaction (PEDI) –> occurs only at less than 3 angstroms. Energy is exchanged from protons to Gd 3 UNPAIRED electrons ( inc spin lattice interaction = shortens T1)

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2
Q

B0, B1

A

B0 = main magnetic field, B1 = RF magnetic field

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3
Q

what are different types and values for susceptibility in tissue?

A

susceptibility (Chi, X) is the ability of an object to be magnetized (negative opposes, positive augments). biological is diamagnetic X = -10, ferritin is paramagnetic augments at +5000.

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4
Q

TR, TE

A

repetition time, echo time (time when you sample)

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5
Q

spin is shorthand for

A

spin angular momentum

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6
Q

shorthand for spin angular momentum

A

spin

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7
Q

what does spin interact with?

A

magnetic field in the same way angular momentum (a top) interacts with a gravitational field

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8
Q

value of hydrogen spin

A

+1/2 or -1/2

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9
Q

larmor equation

A

frequency = gyromagnetic ratio x Bo

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10
Q

what is torque have to do with MR?

A

Bo causes a force that is perpendicular to the orientation of angular momentum

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11
Q

what is the chemical shift?

A

minor differences in local magnetic field of biological tissue, caused by electron cloud

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12
Q

what is net magnetization?

A

M, average angular momentum, aligned with B0 before precession, dependent on proton density

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13
Q

ways to deal with respiratory motion artifact

A

1) better breathing
2) free breathing (inc scan time)
3) dec duration of acquisition
- decrease views per segment
- dec FOV
- single shot imaging (only for LGE)
- parallel imaging (dec SNR)
4) real time imaging (dec spatial AND temporal resolution)

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14
Q

how to deal with motion artifact 2/2 high HR

A

trigger at end-systole rather than end-diastole

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15
Q

what are drawbacks of increasing FOV

A

inc scan time, dec spatial resolution

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16
Q

what are the drawbacks of signal oversampling?

A

inc scan time

17
Q

what are the drawbacks of real time imaging?

A

dec temporal and spatial resolution

18
Q

how to deal with wrap artifact?

A

1) Inc FOV (inc scan time, dec spatial resolution)
2) Signal oversampling (inc scan time)
3) Inc # phase encoding steps (No change in spatial resolution)
4) Decrease parallel imaging factor

19
Q

what to do with wrap artifact, poor spatial resolution to begin with?

A

can use signal oversampling (will inc scan time), can increase # of phase encoding steps (no decrease in spatial resolution
DON’t increase field of view (this will further worsen spatial resolution

20
Q

what to do with wrap artifcact with good spatial resolution

A

try increasing FOV, then try decreasing parallel imaging factor

21
Q

what VENC to shoot for?

A

most recent echo peak velocity (cm/s) x 100

22
Q

ghost lines along phase enc direction

A

respiratory (or other) motion artifact

23
Q

bands or dark spot near heart/lung interface

A

inhomogeneity artifact -> shim box over area of interest

24
Q

Sequences that work with metal artifact

A

BB or TFE (not ssfp - gradient echo)

25
Q

nest way to figure out VSD shunt (BiV)

A

LV stroke volume - Asc Ao stroke volume

26
Q

BTTS flow: calculat Qp?

A

1) RPA distal + LPA

2) RPV + LPV

27
Q

BTTS: calculate Qs?

A

1) DAo + SVC

2) IVC+SVC

28
Q

BTTS: calculate shunt flow?

A

AAo - Qs
Qs:
1) DAo + SVC
2) IVC+SVC

29
Q

how do you calculate flow from AI?

A

retrograde portion of Asc Ao flow

30
Q

how do you calculate flow from MR?

A

LVSV - Ao - AI fraction

31
Q

optimal MR imaging plane: ASD

A

axial

32
Q

optimal MR imaging plane: VSD

A

axial or coronal

33
Q

optimal MR imaging plane: AVSD

A

axial

34
Q

optimal MR imaging plane: PDA

A

sagittal oblique

35
Q

optimal MR imaging plane: AP window

A

axial or coronal

36
Q

optimal MR imaging plane: PAPVR

A

coronal

cardiology testing 123 (10 decks)

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