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cardiology testing 123 > Board Review Mix 2 > Flashcards

Board Review Mix 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ASD with abnml p wave axis

A

sinus venosus , < 30 degrees

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2
Q

what to do with PDA after NEC?

A

immediate surgical closure

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3
Q

immigrant with PDA, risk of IE? where? organisms?

A

15% total IE in other countries, IE on PA end of PDA

strep species

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4
Q

rupture sinus of vals any, MC location, associated defects?

A

VSD in 50% (outlet septal defect), RV MC

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5
Q

coronary sinus diverticulum is associated with?

A

accesory pathway

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6
Q

late truncus repair? most important consideration?

A

PVR < 8. reactive PVR < 8 if less than2 years old

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7
Q

another name for asymetric congenital MS?

A

parachute mitral valve

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8
Q

anatomic feature of arcade mitral valve?

A

paps connected directly to the valve leaflets, easy to see on PS long

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9
Q

mitral valve prolapse, when are sports not OK?

A

If SVT or NSVT on holter

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10
Q

location AV node with ccTGA?

A

anterior location

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11
Q

partial pericardial defect, presentation? Dx? common risk?

A

Dx: MRI, Risk incarceration of the LAA

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12
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy, MC arrythmia?

A

Atrial flutter

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13
Q

oxygen excess omega formula

A

oxygen delivery / oxygen consumptions
Art O2 / (Art O2 - SVO2)
Art O2 / AVO2 difference
higher is better

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14
Q

anticoagulant mechanisms:

acetylation of cyclo-oxygenase to inhibit production of thromboxane A2

A

Aspirin - acetylation of cyclo-oxygenase to inhibit production of thromboxane A2
heparin - mucopolysaccharide that nc rate of AT3 neutralizing thrombin, factor X
streptokinase - interacts with plasminogen to result in plasmin complex
tPA - binds to fibrin
warfarin - vit K blocker

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15
Q

anticoagulant mechanisms:

mucopolysaccharide that inc rate of AT3 neutralizing thrombin, factor X

A

heparin - mucopolysaccharide that inc rate of AT3 neutralizing thrombin, factor X
Aspirin - acetylation of cyclo-oxygenase to inhibit production of thromboxane A2
streptokinase - interacts with plasminogen to result in plasmin complex
tPA - binds to fibrin
warfarin - vit K blocker

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16
Q

anticoagulant mechanisms:

interacts with plasminogen to result in plasmin complex

A

streptokinase - interacts with plasminogen to result in plasmin complex
Aspirin - acetylation of cyclo-oxygenase to inhibit production of thromboxane A2
heparin - mucopolysaccharide that nc rate of AT3 neutralizing thrombin, factor X
tPA - binds to fibrin
warfarin - vit K blocker

17
Q

anticoag mech:

binds to fibrin

A

tPA - binds to fibrin
Aspirin - acetylation of cyclo-oxygenase to inhibit production of thromboxane A2
heparin - mucopolysaccharide that nc rate of AT3 neutralizing thrombin, factor X
streptokinase - interacts with plasminogen to result in plasmin complex
warfarin - vit K blocker

18
Q

how to calculate MVV?

A

5 x total lung capacity

35-40 x FEV1

19
Q

what does inert gas rebreathig actually measure?

A

effective pulmonary blood flow - without shunts, assumed to be Qs

20
Q

how does T wave in lead V1 change over age?

A

starts as poitive
negative by age 7 DAYS
positive in adulthood in some

21
Q

Qt proloning antiobitocs

A

azithromycin

erythromycin

22
Q

difference in EKG between cocaine and myocarditis

A

cocaine is focal ST seg change

myocarditis is diffuse

23
Q

what does alternative T waves mean?

A

LQTS - risk of 2:1 block

24
Q

significant coarct narrowing?

A

50% decrease in CSA = 10 mmHg

25
Q

shortening fraction change with age?

A 
starts high (45%) then falls
circumferential predominates at first
26
Q

metal with most artifact

A

stainless steel

27
Q

associated CHD with coarctation? 1st and 2nd

A

BAV 1st

VSD 2nd

28
Q

holodiastolic flow reversal indicates what about the aortic valve

A

consistent with severe regurgitation

29
Q

endogenous pulmonary vasodilators

A

dilators: acetylcholine, badykinin PGE E1,E2,I2 (vowels = open), iNO
constrictors: ATII, Leukotrienes, PGE F2, thromboxane A2, serotonin

30
Q

mesalamine puts you at risk for

A

myopericarditis (seen in kids with ulcerative colitis)

31
Q

ectopia cordis asociated with which cardiac abnormalities? other defects? survival?

A

conotruncal
midline defects
10% survival to 1 year

32
Q

levosimendan MOA
way to remember
benefits?

A

Calcium sensitizer: binds troponin C< inc sensitivity to calcium, also open K channels in smoothe muscle, reducing afterload via vasdilation
LEVER - C - MEN : Leverages calcium MEN

No data to support benefits in adults or KIDS.

33
Q

early vs late HLHS formation

A

early: superior aspect of septum primum deviates anterior and leftward, causes restrictive atrial septum, limits LV preload
late: aortic valve issue (endocardial cusion)

34
Q

marked drop in impedence of a pacemaker lead

A

insulation breach - prevented by axillary placement

subclavian crush as lead passes between first rib and clavicle

35
Q

most common presenting symptom of coronary cameral fistula

A

left to right shunt

cardiology testing 123 (10 decks)

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