CML Anemia

Question 1

Osteoporosis is a _____ in bone mass

Answer 1

reduction

Question 2

Osteoporosis causes a disruption in skeletal ______

Answer 2

microarchitecture

Question 3

Fragility of the skeleton in osteoporosis, leads to _______ bone strength & ______ fracture risk

Answer 3

Decreased bone strength & increased fracture risk

Question 4

Men/women are more likely to develop osteoporosis

Answer 4

women are much more likely to develop osteoporosis

Question 5

What is responsible for postmenopausal osteoporosis?

Answer 5

estrogen deficiency and age

Question 6

Bone tissue is lost _____

Answer 6

progressively

Question 7

What is the lifetime osteoporotic fracture risk for a woman who reaches age 50?

Answer 7

50%

Question 8

What is the lifetime osteoporotic fracture risk for a man who reaches age 50?

Answer 8

20%

Question 9

What medications cause secondary osteoporosis?

Answer 9

steroids, antiepileptics

Question 10

What vitamin deficiency can cause secondary osteoporosis?

Answer 10

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 11

What are some causes of secondary osteoporosis?

Answer 11

certain medications
Vitamin D deficiency
alcohol

Question 12

Woman over ___ and men over ___ are at risk for developing osteoporosis

Answer 12

woman over 65 and men over 70

Question 13

What ethnicities are at increased risk for developing osteoporosis?

Answer 13

White and Asian

Question 14

What are some risk factors for developing osteoporosis?

Answer 14

Low body weight (<127 lbs or BMI <20)
FH of osteoporosis/ fragility fracture
Personal history of fragility fracture
Long-term glucocorticoid use
>2-3 drinks alcohol/day
Estrogen deficiency <45 years
Testosterone deficiency
Low calcium intake
Vit D deficiency
Sedentary lifestyle
Current tobacco use

Question 15

What is the FRAX algorithm?

Answer 15

Fracture risk assessment tool

Question 16

What does the FRAX algorithm calculate?

Answer 16

Calculates a patient’s 10 year probability for a fracture

Question 17

Who is the FRAX algorithm used for?

Answer 17

For postmenopausal women and men age 40-90

Question 18

The FRAX algorithm is only validated for _____

Answer 18

untreated patients

Question 19

What test is the gold standard for bone density?

Answer 19

Bone Densitometry (DXA)

Question 20

What parts of the body are evaluated in a Bone Densitometry (DXA) Scan?

Answer 20

Lumbar spine & hip

Question 21

Who should get a DXA Scan?

Answer 21

Women ≥65 years old,
men ≥70 years old
Younger but at risk for osteoporosis or osteomalacia
Pathologic fractures
Radiographic evidence for diminished bone density

Question 22

What determines the interval at which patients should get a DXA Scan?

Answer 22

Interval between scans based on score (T score)

Question 23

How often does a patient need a DXA Scan with a T score -1.0 to -1.5?

Answer 23

every 5 years

Question 24

How often does a patient need a DXA Scan with a T score -1.5 to -2.0?

Answer 24

every 3-5 years

Question 25

How often does a patient need a DXA Scan with a T score

Answer 25

every 1-2 years

Question 26

What populations is a Z score utilized in?

Answer 26

premenopausal women, younger men, & kids

Question 27

How does the Z score express bone density?

Answer 27

Expresses bone density as a standard deviation from age-matched, race-matched, and sex-matched means

Question 28

What T score indicates a normal bone density result?

Answer 28

BMD is within 1 standard deviation (SD) of a young normal adult (T score is greater than −1.0)

Question 29

What is osteopenia?

Answer 29

low bone density

Question 30

What T score indicates osteopenia?

Answer 30

BMD is between 1 and 2.5 SD below a young normal adult (T score is −1 to −2.5)

Question 31

What T score indicates osteoporosis?

Answer 31

BMD is 2.5 SD or more below a young normal adult (T score is less than −2.5)

Question 32

What T score indicates severe/established osteoporosis?

Answer 32

BMD is 2.5 SD or more below a young adult with 1 or more fragility fractures

Question 33

What is often the first clinical manifestation of osteoporosis?

Answer 33

fracture, patents are often asymptomatic or have silent symptoms until fracture

Question 34

What are the SXS of a vertebral fracture?

Answer 34

Height loss or kyphosis Acute episodes may be associated with pain Often no preceding trauma or minor trauma (ie: speed bump) Acute back pain with sudden lifting, coughing, bending Usually pain localized to midline spine, variable quality May refer into flank, anterior abdomen, posterior superior iliac spine, radiation into legs rare May have pain on palpation/percussion of affected vertebrae

Question 35

What do radiographs in osteoporosis show?

Answer 35

Radiolucency Cortical thinning Occult fractures

Question 36

Bone loss has to be >____to be detected on radiographs

Answer 36

>30%

Question 37

What lifestyle modifications should be made in a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis?

Answer 37

``` Smoking cessation Limit alcohol intake Regular weightbearing and muscle-strengthening exercise Consume at least 1200 mg of calcium/day Adequate calorie intake Take measures in the home to avoid falls Wearing a brace ```

Question 38

What are the recommendations for weight-bearing activities in someone who has osteoporosis?

Answer 38

At least 30 mins, 3x/week