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Clin Med II > Adult And Peds Nutrition > Flashcards

Adult And Peds Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different licenses for a registered dietitian?

A

RD
RDN (registered dietitian/nutritionist)
LD (licensed dietitician)
CD (certified dietician)

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2
Q

What are the different setting that a RD can work in?

A 
Hospital
Outpatient clinic 
Food service
School systems 
Community (WIC) 
Business and industry 
Private practice 
Eating disorders 
Public health 
Authors 
Culinary nutrition
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3
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The study of nutrients in food, how the body uses them, and the relationship between diet, health, and disease
The chemical and functional components of food
The physiological effects of food components
How human behavior affects food choices
The impact of the surrounding environment on food choices
Biochemistry

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4
Q

What is medical nutrition therapy?

A

Nutritional diagnostic, therapy, and counseling services for the purpose of disease management which is facilitated by a registered dietician – used in A LOT of diseases

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5
Q

What is the purpose of nutrition assessment?

A

To accurately determine nutritional status
To identify current and potential nutritional and medical problems
To monitor changes in nutritional status during national policy changes, fortification programs, nutrition intervention or the course of a chronic or acute illness

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6
Q

What are the main nutritional disorders in the US?

A

Acute or chronic protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)
Linear growth failure
Combination of PEM and linear growth failure

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7
Q

What is part of the nutrition assessment?

A

Dietary, medical, and medication history (24-hour recall, food diary, food frequency questionnaire)
Physical exam
Growth, anthropometric, and body composition measurements
Lab data and tests
Intervention and monitoring

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8
Q

What is the general physical exam for nutrition?

A

Anthropometrics, size for age, fat stores, muscle wasting, activity level

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9
Q

What is in the skin physical exam for nutrition?

A

Pallor, dryness, petechiae, ecchymosis, wounds, rash, hair thinning/dislocation/loss, nail changes, edema

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10
Q

What is in the eyes PE for nutrition?

A

Discoloration, lesions, clouding, unusual movements

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11
Q

What is part of the mouth PE for nutrition?

A

Stomatitis, glossitis, gum bleeding/swelling, dentition

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12
Q

What is part of the CV PE for nutrition?

A

Heart rate, loud S2, S3, S4, new murmur, edema, delayed cap refill

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13
Q

What is part of the GI PE for nutrition?

A

Hepatomegaly, abdominal dissension, feeding tube site appearance

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14
Q

What is part of the skeletal PE for nutrition?

A

Refusal to walk, joint swelling genu varum/valgum, subcutaneous fat and muscle wasting

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15
Q

What is part of the neuro PE for nutrition?

A

Developmental milestone status, deep tendon reflexes, sensory loss, ataxia

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16
Q

What is the Z score on growth charts?

A

Number of standard deviations from the mean height and weight values for age

17
Q

What entities have growth charts for peds?

A

WHO, CDC

18
Q

What anthropometrics are used to evaluate growth in children?

A

Weight
Length (under 2 years)
Height (over 2 years)
Occipital frontal circumference (under 2 years)
Weight for length (under 2 years)
Body mass index (BMI) (over 2 years) - weight kg/height meters or weight pounds x 703/ height in inches

19
Q

What is the average rate of weight gain in grams per day for a newborn?

A

30 grams per day

20
Q

What is the average rate of weight gain in grams per day for a 6 month old?

A

15 grams per day

21
Q

What is the average rate of weight gain in grams per day for a 12 month old?

A

10 grams per day

22
Q

What is the average rate of weight gain in grams per day for a 1-3 year old?

A

6 grams per day

23
Q

Most babies lose about ___% of birth weight and regain it by ____ weeks of age

A

10%, regain by 2-3 weeks

24
Q

Most healthy infants double birth weight by ___ months of age, and triple by ___ months of age

A

6, 12

25
Q

After three months of age, the rate of weight gain in breastfed infants may be ___ than that of a formula-fed infant

A

Lower

Not true for length or head circumference

26
Q

What laboratory data might be used in a nutrition assessment?

A

Visceral protein, albumin, prealbumin, ferritin

27
Q

What anthropometrics are used to evaluate adults?

A

BMI

Waist circumference

28
Q

Why might waist circumference be a better tool for assessing body fat than BMI?

A

Fat located in the abdominal region may be associated with greater health risks than fat below or above the waist

29
Q

What does BMI take into account?

A

Height and weight

30
Q

What does BMI not take into account?

A

Not adjusted for muscle mass, age, sex, fitness

31
Q

What should BMI not be a proxy for?

A 
Body composition 
Health behaviors 
Fitness 
Dietary quality 
Intervention adherence
32
Q

What is weight stigma?

A

Negative social impact of weight bias and discrimination

33
Q

What is weight bias?

A

Beliefs and preferences for or against a particular body shape or size
The inclination to form unreasonable judgements based on a bias

34
Q

What is allostatic load?

A

Cumulative effect of chronic stressors on cardiovascular, nervous, and metabolic syndromes

35
Q

Higher levels of weight stigma are associated with more than ___ x the risk of allostatic load

A

2X

36
Q

Allostatic load is postulated to have these effects…

A

Metabolic and lipid dysregulation
Impaired glucose metabolism
Increased inflammation- increased risk for Type II DM, HTN, CVD

37
Q

Who is at risk for acute malnutrition?

A

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) most likely in hospitalized patients

38
Q

Who is at risk for chronic malnutrition?

A

Patients with GI, renal, or cardiac diseases

39
Q

What hypermetabolic states are at risk for malnutrition?

A

Burns, fever, traumatic injury, malignancy

Clin Med II (7 decks)

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