CMAP 5 Flashcards
PSTN
Public switched telephone network: national global telecoms network many types of internet connections use. Fiber optic but uses legacy two-pair copper cabling. POTS (plain old telephone system).
DSL splitter
Seperates phone and data signals.
Connects to RJ11 phone interface and RJ-45 to modem and router.
CATV (for cable modems)
Hybrid fiber coax (HFC) network that has a fiber optic core and wire coaxial cable links to customer.
DOCSIS
(Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification): supports downlink speeds to 38Mb (NA) 50Mb (EU) and uplinks 37Mb. Version 3 allows multiplexing for higher bandwidth
WISP
Wireless internet service provider: ground-based long-range fixed access wireless technology. directional antenna to work as a bridge to ISP network. can experience interference from other wireless networks
cellular radio
wireless networking facilitates communications over much larger distances.
3G
connection to closest station and its corresponding location within a range of 5 miles is a cell. obstructed by building materials, and work in 850 and 1900 MHz frequency bands
50-400Kbps
Global system for Mobile Communication (GSM)
3G introduced SIM cards (subscriber identity module) to unlock handset with provider
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
handset managed by provider and no SIM cards
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service: found on 3G GSM handset or Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) on CMDA networks for 3MB speeds
H/H+ or HSPA
High Speed Packet Access: improves data rates of GSM to 42Mb
4G
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) converged 4G standards supporting GSM & CDMA. issued a SIM card
5G
Uses different spectrum bands low (sub-6 GHz): better for range and penetrating power. medium/high (20-60GHz): milimeterWave, requires close range and non obstructed LOS.
Using a large and many small antenna for wide area cell and multi-path and beam forming. (massive MIMO)
internet protocol
IP: provides network and host addressing, and packet forwarding between networks.
ARP
address resolution protocol: table storing mac address connected to their IP addresses. used if ANDing determine IP address on same network or when adding entries from ARP requests
NAT
network address translation: converts private IPs into a public IP.
APIPA
automatic private IP addressing: when DHCP server unreachable, the address - 169.254. 0.1-255.254 /16 is used. Can communicate between devices on the same network using APIPA but not other networks or DHCP assigned hosts.
TCP ports
each network application is assigned a port based on the data type. range 0 - 65,535. host are assign a src port and their data it encapsulated with a destination port.
Port 80
HTTP protocol
Port 25
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): TCP
Port 20
File Transfer Protocol: TCP - Data connection
21
File Transfer Protocol: TCP - Control connection
22
Secure Shell (SSH): TCP
53
Domain Name System (DNS): TCP/UDP
67
DHCP server: TCP/UDP
68
DHCP Client: UDP
110
Post Office Protocol (POP): TCP
137-139
NetBIOS TCP/IP: UDP/TCP
143
Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP): TCP
161
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP): UDP
162
SNMP (simple network management protocol) Trap Operation: UDP
389
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP): TCP
443
HTTP secure (HTTPS): TCP
445
Server Message Block(SMB): TCP
3389
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP): TCP
Connection-Oriented protocol
TCP protocol ensuring connection reliability.
What does TCP connection oriented protocol preform
1.) Handshake sequence (SYN, SYN/ACK, ACK) packets.
2.) Assigns each packet a sequence number for tracking.
3.) Allows ACK when received packet.
4.) Can sent Negative ACK (NACK) when missing packet.
5.) Allows graceful termination.
scope
Range of addresses which DHCP can offer in a subnet.
FQDN
fully qualified domain name: combination of hostname, domain-name, and suffix. ex nut.widget.example (‘nut’ if device hostname,’widget.example’ is the domain suffix. ‘widget’ is the domain name, ‘example’ is the suffix [top-level domain: TLD])
Resource records
file storing DNS zone. ‘A’-maps hostnames for IPv4, ‘AAAA’-IPv6, ‘CNAME’-hostname alias, ‘PTR’-hostnames can be identified from IP address.
Mail Exchanger (MX) record
identify email servers for domain so other servers can send messages to it. the hostname must have an A or AAAA record
TXT record
record for string free-form values. verifies email services and blocks spoofed/unwanted messages (spam)
SPF (sender policy framework)
a TXT record published via DNS that verifies hosts and their authority to send email from the domain. can indicate also what to do with mail- reject, flag, or accept all
DKIM (domainkeys identified mail)
uses cryptography - uploaded to a DNS server as a TXT record called a public key to validate message derives from authentic server.
DMARC (domain-based message authentication, reporting, and conformance)
a policy published a TXT, that can you either or both DKIM and SPF. specifies a policy how failures should be treated, and reports authentication failures to senders.
VLAN
virtual LAN that splits its original broadcast domain into smaller ones.
Communication is separate even if on the same switch, and must go through the IP router and provisioned its own DHCP and DNS services.
