CM: Bipolar Disorders Flashcards
What is the difference in the epidemiology of bipolar disorders vs. depressive disorders?
depressive: f > m
bipolar: f = m, stronger genetic component
What is a manic episode?
syndrome of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least 1 week (or requiring hospitalization) and including at least 3 manic symptoms
causes marked impairment, usual rule-outs apply
What are the manic symptoms?
grandiosity, decreased need for sleep (different than inability to sleep in depressive), pressured speech, flight of ideas, distractability, impaired concentration, increased goal-directed activity and/or psychomotor agitation, high risk activities (speeding, spending, sex)
What is a hypomanic episode?
persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least 4 days and including at least 3 manic symptoms
What are the differences between hypomanic and manic episodes?
less severe time frame shorter less impairment (no hospitalization), no true psychotic symptoms
What is Bipolar I disorder?
one or more manic episodes - don’t need depressive episode
specifier of current or more recent episode added
usual rule-outs apply
What is Bipolar II disorder?
1 major depressive episode and at least 1 hypomanic episode
no full manic episodes (would be bipolar I)
What is cyclothymic disorder?
numerous hypomanic periods and mild depressive periods for at least 2 yrs
more frequent cycling b/w mild bipolar states
no major depressive or manic episodes w/i first 2 yrs, usual rule-outs apply
What is the one specifier specific for bipolar I and II disorders?
w rapid cycling - at least 4 distinct mood episodes in past 12 months
What are other specifiers used for bipolar disorders?
w mixed features - full manic or hypomanic episode but only partial criteria for depressive
mood congruent psychotic features = delusions of grandiosity or invulnerability, paranoid delusions
What are medical conditions known to be associated w development of depressive and bipolar disorders?
endocrine: cushings, addisons, hypothyroidism, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia
malignancies: brain tumors, lymphomas, pancreatic carcinoma
inf: hep, encephalitis, mono, HIV
neurological disorders: Parkinsons, Huntingtons, stroke
What are medications known to be associated w development of depressive and bipolar disorders?
steroids, reserpine, alpha-methyldopa, propranolol, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, stimulants, sedative-hypnotics, narcotics, antidepressants
hallucinogens, alcohol, stimulants, sedative-hypnotics, narcotics = downers
