CLS

Question 1

Shock can be caused by what?

Answer 1

Severe or minor trauma causing pain to the body.

Question 2

Shock is the result of?

Answer 2

Blood loss, heart failure, sever and painful blows to the body, burns, severe wounds that become infected, severe allergic reaction to drugs or certain foods, certain insect bites, snakebites, or dehydration.

Question 3

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

Answer 3

Sweaty but cool skin
Pale Skin
Restlessness, nervousness
Thirst
Loss of blood
Confusion or loss of awareness
faster then normal breathing rate
blotchy or bluish skin
nausea and vomiting

Question 4

Hemorrhagic Shock

Answer 4

Average adult has 5 liters of blook and upon loss of 20%…

Question 5

The blood can bleed out in?

Answer 5

60-120 seconds

Question 6

Causes of hemorrhagic shock

Answer 6

external loss of whole blood, an internal hemorrhage or an extreme loss of whole blood, internal hemorrhage or an extreme loss of plasma due to severe burns

Question 7

Treatment and Prevention of Shock

Answer 7

Move casualty to cover
Position the casualty on their back
Elevate casuatly’s feet higher then the level of the heart.
Loosen clothing at the neck, waist of wherever it may be binding.
Place a blanket or victim to prevent chilling
Calm the casualty.
During the treatment or prevention of shck, do not give cas food or drink.

Question 8

2 types of Soft Tissue Injuries

Answer 8

Closed and Open Wounds

Question 9

Closed wounds

Answer 9

Contusion - swelling and pain, caused by the blood leaking into the wound.
Lump may develop, this is called hematoma, or a blood tumor

Question 10

Open Wounds

Answer 10

Abrasions
Lacerations
Incisions
Puncture Wounds

Question 11

Abrasion

Answer 11

Loss of a portion of the epidermis from being scraped across a hard surface

Question 12

Laceration

Answer 12

Cut produced by glass, metal, that leaves a jagged edge.

Question 13

Incision

Answer 13

Similar to a laceration, except the wound is much cleaner with no jagged edges

Question 14

Puncture Wounds

Answer 14

Result from a stab with a knife, nail, ice pick, splinter, or any pointed object

Question 15

Treatment of Open Wounds

Answer 15

Control Bleeding by direct pressue, pressure points, or tourniquet
Prevent contamination through sterile dressing
Danger of infection should be the principal concern

Question 16

Special Wounds

Answer 16

Avulsion
Crushing
Traumatic Amputation

Question 17

Avulsion

Answer 17

Piece of the skin with varying portions of tissue or muscle is either torn loose or completely or left handing as a flap.

Question 18

Crushing Wounds

Answer 18

Contusions that are more severe as the underlying skeletal support is also damaged.

Question 19

Traumatic Amputation

Answer 19

Caused by explosions, sharp objects, or by separation.

Question 20

Open Chest Wound

Answer 20

Hole in the chest wall

Coughing up bright red, frothy blood

Question 21

Open Chest Wound

Answer 21

Other Symptons: pain at the site of injury
pain that is aggravated by or occurs with breathing, localized around the injury of the chest
Dyspnea
Failure of one or both sides of the chest to expand normally when inhaling
Rapid, weak pulse and low blood pressure
Cyanosis

Question 22

Treatment of Open Chest Wounds

Answer 22

Place plastic wrapper over wound as the cas exhales
apply dressing to the wound
place white side of dressing directly over the plastic wrapper covering the open wound
place cas on injured side, position cas on his injured side or in a sitting position, whichever makes breathing easier
make the victim warm and evac

Question 23

Tension Pneumothorax

Answer 23

Air Pressure within the chest cavity builds up to such a degree that the collapsed lung is pressed firmly against the uninjured lung and heart, interfering both with the ventilation of the good lung and with heart action.

Question 24

What is the second leading cause of death of the battlefield?

Answer 24

Tension Pneumothorax

Question 25

3 types of bleeding

Answer 25

Arterial, Venous, Capillary

Question 26

Arterial Bleeding

Answer 26

Bright flow of red book, and pumps out in distinct spurts

Question 27

Venous Bleeding

Answer 27

Characterized by a steady flow of dark red, or maroon colored blood

Question 28

Capillary Bleeding

Answer 28

slow oozing blood, usually from a minor wound

Question 29

Controlling external bleeding

Answer 29

May be controlled by both elevating the wound and by the applications of direct pressure.

Question 30

Serious Bleeding

Answer 30

Direct pressure of the wound Tourniquet Hemostatic Agents

Question 31

Direct Pressure on the wound

Answer 31

Single most effective method for stopping serious bleeding. Pressure Points - 22 on the body Most effective are brachial, femoral, cartoid

Question 32

Tourniquet

Answer 32

2500 deaths occurred in Vietnam | Permanent damage is rare if left in place for less than 1 hour

Question 33

4 major Pressure Points

Answer 33

Temporal, Cartoid, Brachial, Femoral

Question 34

Hemostatic Agents

Answer 34

Quick Clot, HemCon, Combat Gauze

Question 35

Quick Clot

Answer 35

Speeds of coagulation of blood Causing chemical reaction that rapldily abosrbs liquid from the blood by creating hydrogen bonds that quickly generate intense heat

Question 36

HemCon

Answer 36

Uses a chemical reaction to induce blood clotting, but hemcon does not extract hydration through extraction.

Question 37

Combat Gauze

Answer 37

Advanced hemostatic agent combined with the simplicity of gauze

Question 38

Tourniquet Applications Steps

Answer 38

Place between the wound and hear approximately 2 inches from the wound Place pad over main artery supplying blood to limb Apply a constricting band over the pad, knot it and insert a device to tighten the tourniquet. Tighten the tourniquet just enough to control the bleeding Mark the casualty forehead with "T" and the time and date of tourniquet applied

Question 39

Internal Bleeding

Answer 39

Casualty can lose 1 to 3 pints of blood internally.

Question 40

Internal Bleeding Symptons

Answer 40

``` Rapid and weak pulse Pale, most and cold skin Shallow and rapid respiration Thirst Dilate Pupils Coughing up or vomiting dark red blood Stiff abdominal muscles ```

Question 41

Treatment for Internal Bleeding

Answer 41

Treat for shock Give nothing by mouth Evacuate as soon as possible

Question 42

Peritoneum

Answer 42

Lines the abdominal cavity

Question 43

Signs/Symptons of abdominal wounds

Answer 43

Nauses and vomiting are good indications of abdominal injury Pain although usually minimal in the abdomen Tenderness exists in affected areas Muscle Spasms or stiffening of abdominal muscles Shock Bruises and abrasions

Question 44

Treatment for abdominal wounds

Answer 44

Position cas on their back with knees flexed up Expose the wound With a clean moist dressing, gently pick up any organs that may be on the ground Place organs on top of the abdomen Apply moist field dressing

Question 45

Burns

Answer 45

1st, 2nd, 3d Degree Burns

Question 46

1st Degree

Answer 46

Limited to the most superficial layer of the epidermis and result only in reddening of the skin

Question 47

2nd Degree

Answer 47

partial thickness burns causes damage into but not through the dermas and characteristically result in blisters forming on the skin.

Question 48

3rd Degree

Answer 48

Full thickness burns detroy the skin down to the subtaneous fat. They are life threatening.

Question 49

Determining seriousness of burns

Answer 49

type of burn and location and amount os skin surface that is burnt.

Question 50

3 types of Burns

Answer 50

Thermal Electrical Chemical

Question 51

2 types of fractures

Answer 51

Open - skin is broken | Close - skin is not broken

Question 52

Spinal Injury

Answer 52

Spinal cord 44 cm in length -average