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HOSA 24/25 > CLS > Flashcards

CLS Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology

A

Study of disease

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2
Q

Phlebotomy

A

A procedure where blood is taken from a vein

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3
Q

Ethics

A

A system of rules and conduct

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4
Q

Accessioning

A

The process of logging and labeling specimens
The use of barcodes, rather than patient names, helps ensure privacy

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5
Q

Accreditation

A

A voluntary process in which an organization grants recognition to institutions that meet or exceed standards

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6
Q

Anticoagulant

A

A chemical or substance that prevents blood coagulation

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7
Q

Coagulation

A

Also known as clotting, a process where blood thickens into a gel

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8
Q

Bacteriology

A

The study of bacteria

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9
Q

Transfusion

A

A medical procedure to introduce blood or blood components into a patient’s bloodstream using an IV

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10
Q

CDC

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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11
Q

Clinical or medical laboratory

A

A laboratory that performs tests on blood or other bodily fluids

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12
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of the factors that cause disease

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13
Q

Hematology

A

The study of blood and blood-related tissue

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14
Q

Immunohematology

A

The study of the human blood groups, often called blood banking

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15
Q

Immunology

A

The branch of medicine encompassing the study of the immune system

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16
Q

Joint Commission (JC)

A

Organization that accredits hospitals

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17
Q

Mycology

A

The study of fungi

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18
Q

Physician office laboratory (POL)

A

A small medical laboratory located within a physician office, group practice, or clinic

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19
Q

Plasma

A

The liquid portion of the blood; straw colored liquid when blood cells are removed

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20
Q

Point of care testing (POCT)

A

Testing outside the laboratory; near a patient, bedside testing

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21
Q

Reference laboratory

A

Independent regional laboratory that offers services to hospitals

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22
Q

Typical departments in a clinical lab (10)

A

Clinical chem
Hematology
Microbiology
Blood bank
Phlebotomy
Specimen processing
Urinalysis
Coagulation
Immunology
Parasitology

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23
Q

EMR (electronic medical record)

A

Record of patient’s treatment solely in the hospital
Ends when they are discharged
Have been used for years
If a separate physician wants to view an EMR, it must be printed and delivered

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24
Q

EHR (electronic health record)

A

Records of a patient’s health across multiple providers
+ Reduces errors and makes important information accessible
- Could potentially reveal confidential information

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25
Q

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment of 1988 (CLIA ‘88)

A

By the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services
Minimum standards for all clinical tests

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26
Q

Regional reference lab

A

Specialized lab that preforms uncommon tests for other clinics

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27
Q

Laboratory Director

A

Highest position
Oversees all activity in the lab
Must be a doctor of medicine and licensed by the state

28
Q

Technical Supervisor/Laboratory Manager

A

Second highest
Ensures quality and trainings
Day to day operations
Must be educated in CLS and have experience in management

29
Q

Department Head/General Supervisor

A

One per section of laboratory
Oversees specific skills

30
Q

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) manual

A

Established procedure (by Tech. Supervisor/lab manager)

31
Q

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

A

1996 established by congress due to decreased privacy from emerging electronic records
Guarantees rights to privacy
Patients must sign waivers that information can be disclosed in the event of an emergency

32
Q

Waived tests

A

Tests that have a low risk of incorrect readings

33
Q

Five certificates under CLIA ‘88

A

Certificate of Waiver - only waived tests
Certificate of Registration - tests of moderate + high complexity, waiting for C. Of Compliance
Certificate of Compliance - lab has passed inspection and may preform tests
Certificate of Accreditation - lab has been accredited by a CMS-approved organization
Certificate of PPMP - lower-level scientists may preform selected microscopy procedures needed quickly

34
Q

COLA

A

Accredits hospital laboratories, POLs, and other small labs

35
Q

Medical Laboratory Scientist vs Technician

A

Medical Lab scientist - bachelors degree, can work in all ares of CLS
Medical Lab Technician - associate’s degree

36
Q

Parenteral

A

Occurring somewhere other than the mouth and alimentary track
Par = beyond
Enteral = intestines

37
Q

Aerolsol

A

Liquid in the form of a very fine mist

38
Q

Antiseptic

A

A chemical used on living tissues to control growth of an infectious agent

39
Q

Pathogenic

A

Capable of causing damage to the host

40
Q

Standard precautions

A

All patients and bodily fluids are treated as if they are infected

41
Q

Engineering controls

A

Devices used to protect the workers from hazards

42
Q

Work practice controls

A

Habits (common sense) to avoid exposure to hazards

43
Q

Autoclaving

A

Steam sterilization

44
Q

Disinfection vs sterilization

A

Disinfection kills harmful microorganisms
Sterilization kills all microorganisms

45
Q

Carcinogen

A

A substance with the potential to produce cancer

46
Q

Caustic

A

A chemical with the ability to burn or destroy tissue

47
Q

Mutagen

A

A substance that causes a stable change in a gene that can be passed down to offspring
Ex: radiation, chemicals, some viruses

48
Q

Teratogen

A

A substance capable of causing birth defects

49
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Part of the Department of Labor

50
Q

Radioisotope

A

Aka radioactive isotope

51
Q

Fire safety

A

Use warmers, hot plates, and microwaves instead of open flame when possible
Fire extinguishers and routes
Flammable chemicals kept away

52
Q

Latex, Nitrile, or Vinyl gloves when working with chemicals?

A

Nitrile or Vinyl -> they are nonreactive, non allergenic, and resistant to most chemicals
String chemicals can penetrate latex gloves

53
Q

Three types of hazards

A

Physical
Chemical
Biological

Based on the item that poses a threat

54
Q

Critical measurements

A

Measurement where the accuracy is important to the funtion

55
Q

Borosilicate glass

A

Nonreactive glass with high thermal resistance
Ex: Pyrex and Kimax

56
Q

Flint glass

A

Inexpensive glass with low resistance to heat and chemicals

57
Q

pH

A

Measurement of H+ ions in a solution
Measures acidity (lower) or alkalinity (higher)

58
Q

Quartz glass

A

Expensive glass with excellent light transmission

59
Q

Reagent

A

Substance used in a chemical reaction

60
Q

Solute

A

The substance DISSOLVED in a solution Measures acidity

61
Q

Solvent

A

The substance that DISSOLVES something (solute) in a solution
Usually a liquid

62
Q

Tare

A

The “clear” button on a scale
ALSO
Finding the weight of a substance by subtracting the weight of the container from the combined weight

63
Q

Polypropylene

A

Plastic with a milky white appearance
Heat resistant and can be sterilized

64
Q

Polyethylene and polystyrene

A

Inexpensive plastics that cannot be sterilized with heat

65
Q

Fahrenheit to Celcius

A

C = 5/9 x (F - 32)

HOSA 24/25 (4 decks)

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