Cloud Watch Flashcards by Ftg Afasf

CloudWatch Default Host-Level Metrics Consist of

CPU
Network
Disk
Status Check

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True or False: RAM Utilization requires a custom metric?

True

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CloudWatch Metrics minimum granularity

1 minute; however, to see 1-minute intervals, you must enable detailed monitoring

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CloudWatch Standard intervals

5 minutes

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CloudWatch Detailed intervals

1 minute

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True or False: CloudWatch Detailed intervals cost more than standard.

True, although there is a free tier for small use cases, there is a higher cost for detailed metrics.

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True or False: Default host-level metrics for Disk include available storage.

False. To see storage available on the disk requires a custom metric.

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the four different EBS volume types consist of:

General Purpose (SSD) - gp2
Provisioned IOPS (SSD) - io1
Throughput Optimized (HDD) - st1
Cold (HHD) - sc1

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EBS General Purpose SSD (gp2) use cases

Recommended for most workloads
System boot volumes
Virtual Desktops
Low-Latency interactive apps
Dev/Test environments

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EBS Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1) use cases

Critical applications that require sustained IOPS of more than 10,000 IOPS, or 160 MiB/s throughput per volume
Large database workloads such as MongoDB, Cassandra, MS SQL

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EBS Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) use cases:

Streaming workloads that require consistent throughput at low cost
Big Data
Data warehouses
Log processing

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Can a Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) be used as a boot volume?

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Cold HDD (sc1) use cases

Throughput-oriented storage for large volumes of data.
Infrequently accessed data
When cost is important

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Can Cold HDD (sc1) be used as a boot volume?

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EBS General Purpose SSD maximum volume size

16,384 GiB

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EBS General Purpose SSD maximum IOPS

10,000 IOPS. Use provisioned IOPS for applications requiring more.

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Maximum IOPS and throughput - Provisioned IOPS

32,000 IOPS

- 500 MB/S throughput

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Maximum IOPS and throughput - General Purpose SSD (gp2)

10,000 IOPS

- 160MB/s throughput

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Maximum IOPS and throughput - Throughput Optimized HDD (st1)

500 IOPS

- 500 MB/s Throughput

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Maximum IOPS and throughput - Cold HDD (sc1)

250 IOPS

- 25 MB/s throughput

EBS baseline IOPS (non-provisioned IOPS)

3 IOPS per GiB. Ex 100GiB EBS volume = 300 IOPS

Minimum EBS volume size (GiB) to achieve maximum 10,000 IOPS for non provisioned IOPS volumes

3,334. Remember AWS baseline IOPS is 3 IOPS per GiB. 3,334 x 3 = 10,002, which provides 10k IOPS.

Should you pre-warm an EBS volume?

No. Pre warming EBS volumes is no longer required to achieve maximum performance.

In order to achieve maximum performace from a snapshot, what needs to be done?

Initialize the volume. Read all the blocks on a restored EBS volume by reading all of the blocks prior to use.

EBS CloudWatch Metrics: VolumeReadBytes VolumeWriteBytes

provides information on I/O for a specified period of time. Examples include total transfered bytes, average size of I/O operations. Units: Bytes

EBS CloudWatch Metrics: VolumeReadOps VolumeWriteOps

Total number of I/O operations in a specified period of time. units: Counts

EBS CloudWatch Metrics: VolumeTotalReadTime VolumeTotalWriteTime

The total number of seconds spent by all operations that completed in a specified period of time. If multiple requests are submitted at the same time, the total requests will be greater than the time period measured. units Seconds

EBS CloudWatch Metrics: | VolumeIdleTime

The total number of seconds in a specified period of time when no read or write operations were submitted. Units: Seconds

EBS CloudWatch Metrics: | VolumeQueueLength

The number of read and write operation requests waiting to be completed in a specified period of time. If the number is greater than 0, you should adjust your disk to increase IOPS.

EBS CloudWatch Metrics: | VolumeThroughputPercentage

Provisioned IOPS only. The percentage of I/O operations per second delivered or the total IOPS provisioned. Units: Percent

EBS CloudWatch Metrics: | VolumeConsumedReadWriteOps

Provisioned IOPS only. Total number of read and write operations in a specified period of time. units: Count

Explain how an I/O operation works

I/O are normalized at 256k. Operations =<256k=1 IOPS. Operations >256k equal 2 or more, in increments of 256k. Ex, a 1024k operation will equal 4 IOPS. That is 1024/256=4.

EBS CloudWatch Metrics: | Name the volume status check statuses

- Ok - Normal - Warning - Degraded, or severely degraded. Operating below expectations. - Impaired - Stalled, Not available. Severely impacted, or disabled. - Insufficient Data - Insufficient Data. Likely a new metric still collecting data.

Can you modify an EBS volume?

Yes, in current generation EC2 instance types.

How can you modify an EBS volume?

Issue the modification command via console or command line.

True or False, when you increase an EBS volume, the OS immediatly has access to the extra storage space?

False: You must go into the OS and extend the volume.

Are Dashboards multi-region?

Yes: Just create a widget and change the desired region.

Do widgets and dashboards auto-save while you create them?

No. Remember to save.

True or false: You can retrieve log data from any terminated EC2 or ELB instance after it's terminated?

True: CloudWatch logs are by default stored indefinitely.

Can CloudWatch be used for on-premises resources?

Yes.

What are the requirements for using CloudWatch on-prem?

Download and install the SSM and CloudWatch agents.

What is the maximum EBS IOPS burst?

3000. You can spend IOPS credits to burst IOPS at a lower volume size. Think 3 to 1 IOPS to GiB ratio.

What size is an IO operation standardized?

256k

If an IO operation is greater than 256k, how does AWS handle this?

Take the size of the operation and divide by 256k

If an IO operation is 1024k, how many IO operations is this?

Four operations. 1024 (size of operation) / 256 (size of one IO)

Name this volume status: | Ok

Normal

Name this volume status: | Stalled, Not available. Severely impacted, or disabled.

Impaired

Name this volume status: | Insufficient Data

Insufficient Data. (Likely a new metric still collecting data.)

Name this volume status: | Degraded, or severely degraded. Operating below expectations

Warning