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Computer Science Skills > Cloud Technology and Services > Flashcards

Cloud Technology and Services Flashcards

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1
Q

Cloud Technology and Services Domain

A
  • Define the AWS global infrastructure and methods of deploying and operating in the AWS Cloud
  • Identify compute, database, network, storage, AI/ML, analytics services, and “services from other in-scope AWS service categories”
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2
Q

AWS Management Console

A
  • Graphical interface that supports most AWS services
  • Access billing statements, launch new services, etc
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3
Q

AWS Command Line Interface (CLI)

A
  • Access AWS services via the command line
  • Programming-language agnostic
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4
Q

AWS Software Development Kits (SDKs)

A
  • Incorporate connectivity and functionality of AWS services into your code
  • Deploy AWS services and resources using a variety of languages
  • Use AWS resources in existing applications
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5
Q

AWS Infrastructure as Code

A
  • AWS Elastic Beanstalk
  • AWS Lambda
  • AWS CloudFormation
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6
Q

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A
  • Creates an encrypted private network between your device and the resource you are connected to
  • AWS VPN
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7
Q

AWS Direct Connect

A
  • Creates a secure, private connection from your local network directly to AWS Cloud
  • Considered “shortest path” between local network and AWS, providing lower latency and reducing bandwidth costs
  • Uniquely suited for large-scale data transfers, rapid data backups, and broadcast media processing
  • Bypasses the public internet
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8
Q

Cloud Native Deployment

A
  • All parts of the infrastructure reside and run in the cloud
  • All applications/resources are migrated to or created in the cloud
  • Relies on internet and cloud service providers for computational/IT requirements
  • Often used by startups
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9
Q

Hybrid Deployment

A
  • Connects on-premises technology with cloud-based resources
  • Might be in the process of migrating to the cloud
  • Allows organizations to scale into the cloud while maintaining access to on-premises resources
  • Cloud deployment as backup/disaster recovery solution
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10
Q

On-Premises Deployment

A
  • Utilizes virtualization technologies and application management to increase efficiency
  • Lacks the benefits of cloud computing
  • Very low latency because resources are on-site
  • Provides dedicated resources, which may be an industry requirement
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11
Q

AWS Availability Zones (AZs)

A
  • Discrete data centers around the world, separated from each other by network, power source, and meaningful distance
  • Increase availability by hosting resources in multiple AZs
  • Fault tolerance: ability to provide uninterrupted performance even during natural/human-made disasters
    Resiliency: capacity to recover from disasters quickly
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12
Q

AWS Regions

A
  • Two or more AWS Availability Zones
  • All AZs within a region are interconnected and high-bandwidth, low-latency networking
  • Different regions have different AWS Cloud offerings
  • Can host resources in multiple Regions
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13
Q

AWS Local Zones

A
  • Place compute, storage, database, and other AWS resources close to large populations when there are no regions close by
  • Connected with high-bandwidth secure network connections to local AWS regions
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14
Q

AWS Wavelength Zones

A
  • Ultra-low-latency user experience for application end users by embedding AWS compute and storage services within 5G networks
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15
Q

Deploying and Operating in AWS

A
  • Deploying: how IT infrastructure is brought into action
  • Operating: how IT infrastructure is run and maintained
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16
Q

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)

A
  • Fully customizable virtual server (“instance”)
  • Charged for what you use
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17
Q

AWS EC2 Instance Types

A
  • General purpose: good for general-purpose workloads that utilize resources in equal proportions
  • Compute optimized: good for compute-intensive applications
  • Memory optimized: good for processing large datasets in memory
  • Storage optimized: good for high, sequential read and write access to very large datasets on local storage
  • Accelerated computing: good for functions requiring high processing capabilities
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18
Q

Containers

A
  • Similar to VMs with their own file system, CPU, memory, etc
  • Decoupled from underlying infrastructure and portable
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19
Q

Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)

A
  • Fully managed container orchestration service
  • Deploy, manage, and scale containerized applications on-premises and in the cloud
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20
Q

Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Services (Amazon EKS)

A
  • Fully managed Kubernetes management service on AWS Cloud
  • No need to install/operate your own Kubernetes clusters
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21
Q

AWS Elastic Beanstalk

A
  • Handles the deployment process
  • You retain control over resources
  • Free to use; pay only for other AWS resources consumed to deploy
  • Autoscaling
  • Provisions and operates the infrastructure but allows manual management
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22
Q

Elastic Load Balancing

A
  • Automatically distributes traffic across multiple replicated servers
  • Fault tolerant
  • Scalable and secure
  • Monitors health of servers
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23
Q

AWS Lambda

A
  • Run code without having to provision or manage servers
  • Event-driven, pay-as-you-go compute service
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24
Q

AWS Fargate

A
  • Serverless compute engine for containers
  • Compatible with Amazon ECS and Amazon EKS
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25
Q

Amazon Lightsail

A
  • Preconfigured operating systems, web apps, and development stacks
  • Scalable, cost-effective monthly fees, and easy to deploy
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26
Q

Types of Storage

A
  • Object storage
  • File storage
  • Block storage
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27
Q

Object Storage

A
  • Files are broken down into pieces called objects and placed in buckets
  • Stores unstructured data (photos, videos, etc)
  • Best for static data
  • Components of an object include the data, metadata, and identifier
  • Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)
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28
Q

File Storage

A
  • Data is stored as pieces of information in a folder
  • Stored files have hierarchy
  • Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS)
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29
Q

Block Storage

A
  • Stores data in units of blocks
  • Utilizes unique identifiers
  • Distributes and stores blocks in multiple places
  • Blocks are reassembled when data is requested
  • Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)
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30
Q

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)

A
  • Object storage service
  • Scalability: change usage with flexibility and be charged only for what you use
  • Nearly 100% durability
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31
Q

Amazon S3 Intelligent-Tiering

A
  • Automatically moves objects between cost-optimized access tiers
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32
Q

Amazon S3 Standard

A
  • General-purpose storage for frequently accessed data requiring millisecond access
33
Q

Amazon S3 Standard IA

A
  • For data that is accessed monthly with millisecond retrieval
34
Q

Amazon S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval

A
  • For rarely accessed long-term data with millisecond retrieval
35
Q

Amazon S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval

A
  • Low-cost storage for archived or backed-up data with 1-5 minute, 3-5 hour, or 12 hour retrieval times
36
Q

Amazon S3 Glacier Deep Archive

A
  • For long-term archives with 12 or 48 hour retrieval times
37
Q

Amazon S3 One Zone-IA

A
  • For infrequently accessed objects with rapid retrieval that doesn’t require multi-AZ redundancy
38
Q

Amazon S3 on Outposts

A
  • For on-premises AWS Outposts environments
39
Q

Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)

A
  • Raw, unformatted block device attached to an EC2 instance
  • Can add multiple EBS volumes to one EC2 instance
  • Automatically replicated within its availability zone
  • Different EBS storage types
  • Independent of EC2 instances so can be moved to other instances, and does not disappear when EC2 instances are rebooted
40
Q

AWS Hybrid Cloud Service

A
  • Extends AWS infrastructure and services into the edge where customers physically reside
41
Q

AWS Snowcone

A
  • Tiny, 8TB HDD or 14TB SSD, 4GB memory
  • Provides edge computing, data storage, and data transfer services in environments with little or no internet
  • Collet and process data
  • Online data transfer via AWS DataSync
  • Offline data transfer by shipping to AWS
42
Q

AWS Snowball Edge

A
  • 80-210 TB storage, 80-416 GB memory
  • Choose compute-optimized or storage optimized
  • Transfer data to ship to AWS or utilize compute capabilities to do local processing
43
Q

AWS Snowmobile

A
  • 45 foot shipping container
  • Exabyte-scale data migration service to migrate up to 100 petabytes of data
44
Q

AWS Storage Gateway

A
  • Hybrid storage solution that connects AWS Cloud storage with on-premises storage
  • Pay for storage and retrieval
  • Quicker access is more expensive
45
Q

AWS Storage Gateway: File Gateway

A
  • Files stored as objects in S3
  • One-to-one representation of each file
  • Asynchronously updates objects to S3 as local files are updated
  • Local cache to minimize latency
46
Q

AWS Storage Gateway: Volume Gateway

A
  • Upload volumes in blocks (like virtual hard drives)
  • Asynchronously backed-up as point-in-time snapshots and stored as Elastic Block Store snapshots
  • Stored volume: complete copy on-premises; sends snapshots to AWS
  • Cached volume: recently accessed data on-premises; complete copy on AWS
47
Q

AWS Storage Gateway: Tape Gateway

A
  • Uses existing tape-based backup infrastructure to backup to virtual tapes
  • Data stored locally then asynchronously uploaded to S3
  • Data can be archived using Amazon S3 Glacier
48
Q

AWS Backup

A
  • Fully-managed backup service that protects backed up data across all AWS services and hybrid environments according to your backup policies and settings
  • Data protection, ransomware recovery, and compliance insights
49
Q

Relational Databases

A
  • Store and organize data in tables
  • Data is related to each other with predefined relationships
  • Commonly uses SQL
50
Q

Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)

A
  • Collection of managed services to set up and operate relational databases
  • Supports Amazon Aurora, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and MariaDB
  • Deploy on-premises with Amazon RDS on AWS Outposts
51
Q

Amazon Aurora

A
  • Fully managed relational database engine
  • Supported by Amazon RDS
52
Q

AWS Database Migration Services

A
  • AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS)
  • AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT)
53
Q

NoSQL Databases

A
  • Non-relational databases
  • Built for lots of data
  • Key-value, document, graph models
54
Q

Amazon DynamoDB

A
  • NoSQL database service
  • Fully managed, serverless key-value database
55
Q

In-Memory Databases

A
  • Rely on RAM for storage
  • Ideal for applications that require microsecond response times or have large spikes in traffic
  • Low-latency, high throughput, and high scalability
  • Amazon MemoryDB for Redis, Amazon DAX, and Amazon ElastiCache
56
Q

Hosted vs Fully Managed

A
  • Managed services with save you time and money, but you lose control over your infrastructure
57
Q

Amazon Redshift

A
  • Fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service
  • Data warehouse: stores extremely large amounts of data collected from a wide range of sources to analyze
58
Q

Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)

A
  • Logically isolates section in the cloud to provision resources
  • Control almost every aspect of your virtual network
  • Automatically provisioned at AWS account sign-up
59
Q

Amazon CloudFront

A
  • Global content delivery network (CDN)
  • Based on user location, origin of the website/app, and location of the content delivery server
  • Loads websites/apps faster for users by using edge locations to cache files and resources
  • Origin (S3, EC2, ELB, etc) => edge location (data center, cache, temporary download) => user
  • No minimum commitment or contract; pay only for content delivered using the service
60
Q

AWS Global Accelerator

A
  • Throws web traffic on AWS global network to endpoints in the nearest region instead of public networks to shorten load times
61
Q

Amazon Route 53

A
  • Scalable cloud Domain Name System (DNS)
  • Connects user requests to AWS infrastructure
  • Routes users to infrastructure outside of AWS as DNS service
62
Q

Basic Functions of Amazon Route 53

A
  • Domain registration
  • Domain Name Service (DNS)
  • Health check of web apps
  • Auto-naming for service discovery
  • Create websites/apps with high availability
63
Q

Amazon SageMaker

A
  • Fully managed machine-learning service that helps build, train, and deploy ML models
64
Q

Amazon Lex

A
  • AI service to build bots with sophisticated voice and text conversational AI
  • Integrate voice assistants and chatbots
65
Q

Amazon Kendra

A
  • Utilizes ML and NLP to help find answers with intelligent search
66
Q

Data Lake

A
  • Repository to store structured and unstructured data
  • Data processing, real-time analytics, and ML
  • Use Amazon S3 as a data lake and analytics services to clean, analyze, and utilize the data
67
Q

Amazon Athena

A
  • Analyzes data directly in Amazon S3 using standard SQL
68
Q

AWS Glue

A
  • Integrates data from over 70 sources and prepares the data for analytics by cleaning it up
69
Q

Amazon Kinesis

A
  • Collect, process, and analyze data in real time at any scale
70
Q

Amazon QuickSight

A
  • Business intelligence service with ML integrations that helps you quickly build visualizations and obtain business insights
71
Q

AWS CloudFormation

A
  • Templates for resource deployment in AWS
  • Provision and deploy full configured infrastructure
  • Pay only for resources used in the templates
  • Manage templates (stacks) via AWS Console, AWS CLI, or AWS SDK
  • Version control available
  • Infrastructure as code: deploy infrastructure based on a text file that specifies resources and configurations for each service being deployed
72
Q

AWS CloudTrail

A
  • Monitor and audit infrastructure for compliance, user activity/API usage, and risk auditing
  • Discover, troubleshoot, and respond to security and operational issues
  • Track actions through AWS Console, AWS CLI, and AWS SDKs
  • Free review of account activities in the last 90 days
  • Logging of data events has small fees
73
Q

Amazon CloudWatch

A
  • Monitoring and management service for AWS infrastructure
  • System-wide visibility into resource utilization, application performance, and operational health
  • Real-time notifications on data, metrics, and events
74
Q

Business Application Services

A
  • Amazon Connect
  • Amazon Simple Email Service (AMAZON SES)
75
Q

Customer Engagement Services

A
  • AWS Activate for startups
  • AWS IQ
  • AWS Managed Services (AMS)
  • AWS Support
76
Q

Developer Tool Services

A
  • AWS AppConfig
  • AWS Cloud9
  • AWS Cloudshell
  • AWS CodeArtifact
  • AWS CodeBuild
  • AWS CodeCommit
  • AWS CodeDeploy
  • AWS CodePipeline
  • AWS CodeStar
  • AWS X-Ray
77
Q

End-User Computing Services

A
  • Amazon AppStream 2.0
  • Amazon WorkSpaces
  • Amazon WorkSpaces Web
78
Q

Front-End Web and Mobile Services

A
  • AWS Amplify
  • AWS AppSync
79
Q

Internet of Things (IoT) Services

A
  • AWS IoT Core
  • AWS IoT Greengrass

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