Cloud Development Flashcards
What is a “service principal”? How is different than a “service account”?
Service principal specific to Microsoft, used to identify an application within Azure. Used to authenticate, authorize using other Azure resources.
Service account is a more general term for any non-human identity.
In terms of software development, what is an “artifact”?
A tangible output or byproduct of the software development process. (.exe, .dll [libraries], .zip [packages], config files, etc.)
In terms of software development, what is an “agent”?
Computing infrastructure that runs one job at a time (physical machine or virtual machine). Required to use when teams want an automatic build, test, and deploy process.
What is a blue green deployment?
An application release model that gradually transfers user traffic from a previous version of an app or microservice to a nearly identical new release.
([source])(https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/devops/what-is-blue-green-deployment)
What does MERN stand for?
MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, Node.js
Describe the role of each component in the MERN stack.
MongoDB: Database
Express.js: Backend framework
React.js: Frontend library
Node.js: Runtime environment
What is a Single Page Application (SPA)?
A web application that loads a single HTML page and dynamically updates content without full page reloads.
What is the flow of data in a MERN application?
Client (React) -> Server (Express/Node) -> Database (MongoDB) -> Server (Express/Node) -> Client (React)
What is an API?
Application Programming Interface. A set of rules that defines how applications communicate.
What is RESTful API?
An architectural style for designing networked applications, using HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) for data manipulation.
What type of database is MongoDB?
NoSQL, document-oriented database.
What is a document in MongoDB?
A data structure composed of field-value pairs, similar to JSON objects.
What is a collection in MongoDB?
A grouping of MongoDB documents.
What is the purpose of _id in MongoDB?
A unique identifier for each document.
What is a schema in MongoDB (conceptually, as it’s schema-less)?
The structure and organization of documents within a collection, specifying fields, their data types, and validation rules.
What is a query in MongoDB?
An operation that retrieves data from a collection based on specified criteria.
What is an aggregation pipeline in MongoDB?
A series of data processing stages used to transform and analyze data.
What is Mongoose?
An Object Data Modeling (ODM) library for MongoDB and Node.js.
What is the purpose of Express.js?
A fast, minimalist web framework for Node.js, providing a robust set of features for handling HTTP requests, middleware, and routing
What is middleware in Express.js?
Functions that have access to the request object (req), the response object (res), and the next middleware function in the application’s request-response cycle.
What is a route in Express.js?
A section of Express.js code that associates an HTTP request with a specific function.
What are the HTTP methods (verbs) used in RESTful APIs?
GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH.
What is req.body?
The parsed body of the HTTP request, typically containing data sent from the client.
What is res.send()?
An Express.js method used to send a response to the client.
What is res.json()?
An Express.js method used to send a JSON response to the client.
What is res.status()?
An Express.js method used to set the HTTP status code of the response.
What is a route parameter?
A variable part of a URL path in Express.js (e.g., /users/:id).
What are query parameters?
Key value pairs added to the end of a URL after a question mark.
What is React.js?
A JavaScript library for building user interfaces.
What is a component in React.js?
A reusable piece of UI.
What is JSX?
JavaScript XML, a syntax extension for JavaScript that allows you to write HTML-like code in React.
What are props in React.js?
Properties passed from parent components to child components.
What is state in React.js?
Data that can change within a component, triggering re-renders.
What are React Hooks?
Functions that let you ‘hook into’ React state and lifecycle features from function components.
What is useState?
A React Hook that lets you add state to function components.
What is useEffect?
A React Hook that lets you perform side effects in function components.
What is useContext?
A React Hook that lets you consume context values.
What is the virtual DOM?
A lightweight copy of the actual DOM, used by React to efficiently update the UI.
What is React Router?
A library that enables navigation between different views in a React SPA.
What is Node.js?
A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine.
What is npm (Node Package Manager)?
A package manager for JavaScript and Node.js.
What is package.json?
A file that contains metadata about a Node.js project, including dependencies.
What is require()?
A function used to import modules in Node.js.
What are modules in Node.js?
Reusable blocks of code that can be imported and used in other files.
What is asynchronous programming?
A programming paradigm that allows multiple operations to run concurrently without blocking each other.
