Clotting Lab

Question 1

haemostasis

Answer 1

the stopping of bleeding, blood clotting is a part of haemostasis, prevent major blood loss

Question 2

3 phases of haemostasis

Answer 2

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation and coagulation

Question 3

vascular spasm

Answer 3

contraction of the smooth muscle vessel wall triggered by neural flexes which slows blood loss

Question 4

platelet plug formation

Answer 4

temporary seal for blood loss.
- platelets stick to exposed collagen and connective tissue
- platelets become activated and release chemicals activating passing platelets
- plug formed

Question 5

coagulation

Answer 5

formation of clot regulated by clotting factors

Question 6

platelet

Answer 6

develop from hemopoietic stem cells

Question 7

intrinsic pathway

Answer 7

triggered by internal damage to the vessel wall.
slower and involves more steps

Question 8

extrinsic pathway

Answer 8

triggered by tissue damage (external)
faster and less steps

Question 9

how is factor XII activated
(intrinsic pathway)

Answer 9

(intrinsic pathway)
activated once it comes into contact with negatively charged collagen on the damaged endothelium, triggering the cascade

Question 10

factor VIII

Answer 10

factor that platelets release to facilitate further clotting

Question 11

production of thrombin

Answer 11

factor IX combines with factor VIII to form an enzyme complex that activates factor X (which along with factor Va produces thrombin)

Question 12

factor VII

Answer 12

exits the circulation into surrounding tissues when blood vessel is damaged

Question 13

tissue factor (factor III)

Answer 13

released by damaged cells into circulation

Question 14

TF-VIIa complex (factor III and factor VII)

Answer 14

activates factor X which activates thrombin

Question 15

final common pathway

Answer 15

both pathways converge at conversion of factor X to factor Xa (activated)

Question 16

inactive prothrombin to

Answer 16

thrombin

Question 17

soluble fibrinogen to

Answer 17

fibrin

Question 18

APTT assay

Answer 18

measures how long it takes to form a blood clot (intrinsic pathway) used to find problems with forming blood clots/ blood conditions

Question 19

haemophilia B

Answer 19

IX deficiency

Question 20

haemophilia A

Answer 20

VIII deficiency

Question 21

thrombophilia

Answer 21

forms clots more easily

Question 22

fibrinolysis

Answer 22

where the protein plasma removes a blood clot

Question 23

plasminogen

Answer 23

synthesised in the liver and circulates in plasma

Question 24

tPA

Answer 24

converts plasminogen to plasmin which breaks down the fibrin mesh

Question 25

vitamin K

Answer 25

used by the liver for clotting factor synthesis

Question 26

fibrinogen

Answer 26

factor I

Question 27

stabilising factor

Answer 27

factor XIII