Bleeding and Shock

Question 1

shock

Answer 1

life threatening, generalised form of acute circulatory failure with inadequate oxygen delivery and utilisation by cells

Question 2

physiological changes during shock

Answer 2

fever, chest pain, abdominal pain, bleeding etc.

Question 3

Abrasion

Answer 3

superficial

Question 4

Laceration

Answer 4

blunt force trauma, may need sutures

Question 5

Incised

Answer 5

sharp, penetrating trauma (stab style) must be aware of depth

Question 6

Degloving

Answer 6

skin and major blood supply torn off, major trauma

Question 7

obstructive shock

Answer 7

something blocking major blood vessels and heart (pulmanory embolism)

Question 7

distributive shock

Answer 7

failure of vasoregulation and severe peripheral vasodilation

Question 7

cardiogenic shock

Answer 7

inability to pump sufficient blood to other areas of the body (myocardial infarction & arrhythmias)

Question 7

hypovolemic shock

Answer 7

trauma which causes severe blood loss

e.g., haemorrhage (trauma) or non-haemorrhage (burns)

Question 8

examples of distributive shock

Answer 8

sepsis- toxic effect of inflammatory response
anaphylaxis- release of biochemical mediators
neurogenic- spinal cord injury

Question 9

emergency treatment

Answer 9

C - catastrophic haemorrhage control
A - airway with C spine control
B - breathing
C - circulation and haemorrhage control
D - disability
E - exposure

Question 10

airway

Answer 10

use of adjuncts or intubation

Question 11

breathing

Answer 11

haemopneumothorax (collapsed lung) and fractures affect breathing

Question 12

stopping bleeding

Answer 12

pressure, elevate and tourniquets

Question 13

balanced resuscitation

Answer 13

replace which components of blood have lost

Question 14

tranexamic acid

Answer 14

stop breakdown of clot

Question 15

bites

Answer 15

small entry wound and may need antibiotics, tetanus or vaccines